ArticleFrontiers in pediatrics2017
Influence of Age and Other Factors on Cytokine Expression Profiles in Healthy Children-A Systematic Review.
Article in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Distinct inflammatory profiles across migraine states: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Pooled it
- Inflammation and depression in young people: a systematic review and proposed inflammatory pathways.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Risk Factors for Indeterminate Interferon-Gamma Release Assay for the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Children-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2019Pooled it
- Immune responses to topical emollient therapy with sunflower seed oil in young children with severe acute malnutrition in Bangladesh: a randomized controlled trial.Pediatric research · 2026Trial
- Complex biological patterns of soluble cytokines and CD163 in childhood necessitating age-specific reference intervals for evidence-based clinical interpretation.Clinical biochemistry · 2021Trial
- Endocrine Autoimmunity and Inflammatory Signatures in Pediatric Celiac Disease: Context-Dependent Patterns.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Positivity rate of QuantiFERON-TB Gold PlusSAGE open medicine · 2026Article
- Association of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, TNF-α, and IFN-α With Severe Pediatric COVID-19 and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome.Biomarker insights · 2026Article
- The kynurenine pathway in pediatric "mild-to-moderate" traumatic brain injury: translational insights from a prospective human study and a large-animal model.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- A multi-omics approach reveals dysregulated TNF-related signaling pathways in circulating NK and T cell subsets of young children with autism.Genes and immunity · 2025Article
- Immune-Pathological Correlates of Disease Severity in New-World Kala-Azar: The Role of Parasite Load and Cytokine Profiles.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Analysis of Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Serum Concentrations in Pediatric Patients with Neuroblastoma: A Preliminary Study.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Role of Genetic Polymorphisms -238 G>A and -308 G>A, and Serum TNF-α Levels in a Cohort of Mexican Pediatric Neuroblastoma Patients: Preliminary Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Comparative analysis of changes in immune cell in the chicken spleen across different ages using flow cytometry.BMC veterinary research · 2024Article
- Identification of State Markers in Anorexia Nervosa: Replication and Extension of Inflammation-Associated Biomarkers Using Multiplex Profiling.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2024Article
- Bioenergetic and Inflammatory Alterations in Regressed and Non-Regressed Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Prodromic Inflammatory-Oxidative Stress in Peritoneal Leukocytes of Triple-Transgenic Mice for Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Low unspliced cell-associated HIV RNA in early treated adolescents living with HIV on long suppressive ART.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Effective early antiretroviral therapy in perinatal-HIV infection reduces subsequent plasma inflammatory profile.Pediatric research · 2023Article
- Systemic inflammatory proteins in offspring following maternal probiotic supplementation for atopic dermatitis prevention.Clinical and molecular allergy : CMA · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cytokines have attracted much attention as diagnostic biomarkers for infectious and inflammatory diseases in recent years. However, understanding of maturation and normal age-associated values is limited. This review summarizes evidence on the influence of age and other factors on expression profiles of soluble and intracellular cytokines in healthy children. IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α are the most frequently investigated cytokines, of which an age-associated increase was shown consistently for IFN-γ and TNF-α. An age-associated decrease of IL-13 was seen in resource-limited settings. For other cytokines, including IL-1RA, IL-2, and IL-10, uni- or bimodal curves have been described, and results were influenced by study setting. To conclude, despite limited current understanding of the development of cytokine expression, age clearly influences expression profiles in healthy children. Dynamics of cytokine expression in childhood need to be considered when these are measured in diagnostic assays or as biomarkers. In addition, cytokine-targeting agents may require adjustment for normal values when used in children.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.