ReviewFrontiers in immunology2017
The CD40-CD40L Dyad in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety and Immune Effects of Blocking CD40 Ligand in Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2021Trial
- Antigen presentation by CD40Nature · 2026Article
- Interleukin-40 and Soluble CD40 Ligand in Multiple Sclerosis: Inflammatory Signals or Clinically Applicable Biomarkers?Medeniyet medical journal · 2026Article
- Astrocyte Functional Heterogeneity in Multiple Sclerosis.Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea) · 2026Review
- Comic: explainable drug repurposing via contrastive masking for interpretable connections.BMC bioinformatics · 2026Article
- Immune checkpoint imbalance in ANCA-associated vasculitis: insights into disease activity and precision immunotherapy.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Serum Interleukin-40 and Soluble CD40 Ligand as Complementary Biomarkers for Disease Activity in Multiple Sclerosis Patients.Medeniyet medical journal · 2025Article
- Remote loading of an autoantigen in PLGA nanoparticles for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2025Article
- The Present and Future of Monoclonal Antibody Therapies for Multiple Sclerosis.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2025Review
- Exosomal pHERV-W ENV as a dynamic biomarker for relapse prediction and prognosis in multiple sclerosis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Bridging the Gap: The Neuro-immune Axis as a Key Player in Neurodegenerative Disorders.Neuroscience bulletin · 2025Review
- Therapeutic advances in multiple sclerosis: Novel therapies (immune checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T, Anti-CD40L).Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025Review
- Neuroprotective strategies in multiple sclerosis: a status update and emerging paradigms.Expert review of neurotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Exploring the Causal Association Between 91 Circulating Inflammatory Proteins and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization and Bioinformatics Analysis.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- New Frontiers in Multiple Sclerosis Treatment: From Targeting Costimulatory Molecules to Bispecific Antibodies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Immune checkpoint-based biomarkers for therapeutic response in patients with multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Observational
- The Polygenic Nature of Multiple Sclerosis: Genetic Variants, Immunological Modulation, and Environmental Connections.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2025Review
- Implications of CD154 and Its Receptors in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Cells · 2024Review
- IRF5 mediates adaptive immunity via altered glutamine metabolism, mTORC1 signaling and post-transcriptional regulation following T cell receptor activation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Differential induction of donor-reactive Foxp3American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The CD40-CD40L dyad is an immune checkpoint regulator that promotes both innate and adaptive immune responses and has therefore an essential role in the development of inflammatory diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). In MS, CD40 and CD40L are expressed on immune cells present in blood and lymphoid organs, affected resident central nervous system (CNS) cells, and inflammatory cells that have infiltrated the CNS. CD40-CD40L interactions fuel the inflammatory response underlying MS, and both genetic deficiency and antibody-mediated inhibition of the CD40-CD40L dyad reduce disease severity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Both proteins are therefore attractive therapeutic candidates to modulate aberrant inflammatory responses in MS. Here, we discuss the genetic, experimental and clinical studies on the role of CD40 and CD40L interactions in EAE and MS and we explore novel approaches to therapeutically target this dyad to combat neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.