ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2017
Genetic Characteristic and Global Transmission of Influenza A H9N2 Virus.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Transmission Pathways of Zoonotic Influenza Viruses and Influencing Factors: A Systematic Review of Recent Findings.Viruses · 2025Pooled it
- Adaptive mutations in HA of avian H9N2 influenza viruses facilitate their transmission to swine.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- Article
- Evolution and Spread of Y280-Lineage H9N2 Low Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Viruses in Korea, 2020-2023.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Article
- Rapid adaptive substitution of L226Q in HA protein increases the pathogenicity of H9N2 viruses in mice.Infectious medicine · 2024Article
- Evaluation of the Virulence of Low Pathogenic H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus Strains in Broiler Chickens.Veterinary sciences · 2023Article
- Current situation and control strategies of H9N2 avian influenza in South Korea.Journal of veterinary science · 2023Review
- Article
- Reverse Transcription Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Assay for Rapid Detection of Avian Influenza Virus H9N2 HA Gene.Veterinary sciences · 2021Article
- Genetic Evolution Characteristics of Genotype G57 Virus, A Dominant Genotype of H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Non-basic amino acids in the hemagglutinin proteolytic cleavage site of a European H9N2 avian influenza virus modulate virulence in turkeys.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Antiviral activity of iridoid glycosides extracted from Fructus Gardeniae against influenza A virus by PACT-dependent suppression of viral RNA replication.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Phylogeographic Dynamics of Influenza A(H9N2) Virus Crossing Egypt.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Bayesian phylodynamics of avian influenza A virus H9N2 in Asia with time-dependent predictors of migration.PLoS computational biology · 2019Article
- Avian influenza overview November 2017 - February 2018.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The H9N2 virus has been demonstrated to donate its genes to other subtypes of influenza A virus, forming new reassortant virus which may infect human beings. Understanding the genetic characteristic and the global transmission patterns of the virus would guide the prevention and control of potentially emerging avian influenza A virus. In this paper, we hierarchically classified the evolution of the H9N2 virus into three main lineages based on the phylogenetic characteristics of the virus. Due to the distribution of sampling locations, we named the three lineages as Worldwide lineage, Asia-Africa lineage, and China lineage. Codon usage analysis and selective positive site analysis of the lineages further showed the lineage-specific evolution of the virus. We reconstructed the transmission routes of the virus in the three lineages through phylogeography analysis, by which several epicenters for migration of the virus were identified. The hierarchical classification of the lineages implied a possible original seeding process of the virus, starting from the Worldwide lineages to the Asian-Africa lineages and to the China lineages. In the process of H9N2 virus global transmission, the United States was the origin of the virus. China Mainland, Hong Kong SAR, Japan, and Korea were important transfer centers. Based on both the transmission route and the distribution of the hosts in each lineage, we concluded that the wild birds' migration has contributed much to the long-distance global spread of the virus, while poultry trade and people's lifestyle may have contributed to the relatively short-distance transmission in some areas of the Asia and Africa.
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