ArticleScientific reports2018
Defining Phenotypes in Diabetic Nephropathy: a novel approach using a cross-sectional analysis of a single centre cohort.
Article in Scientific reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Histological and clinical phenotypes of diabetic kidney disease: a baseline analysis of the HEROIC study.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Article
- Diabetic kidney disease, biomarkers, and finerenone.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Review
- Xylose-Oligosaccharide Alleviating Type 2 Diabetes in Mice via Reducing Blood Glucose, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Regulating Intestinal Microbiota.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Strategies to address diabetic kidney disease burden in Mexico: a narrative review by the Mexican College of Nephrologists.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Review
- Insomnia subtypes characterised by objective sleep duration and NREM spectral power and the effect of acute sleep restriction: an exploratory analysis.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Let‑7a‑5p may participate in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy through targeting HMGA2.Molecular medicine reports · 2019Article
- Impact of bariatric surgery on cardiovascular and renal complications of diabetes: a focus on clinical outcomes and putative mechanisms.Expert review of endocrinology & metabolism · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The global increase in Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has led to an increase in DM-Chronic Kidney Disease (DM-CKD). In this cross-sectional observational study we aimed to define phenotypes for patients with DM-CKD that in future may be used to individualise treatment We report 4 DM-CKD phenotypes in 220 patients recruited from Imperial College NHS Trust clinics from 2004-2012. A robust principal component analysis (PCA) was used to statistically determine clusters with phenotypically different patients. 163 patients with complete data sets were analysed: 77 with CKD and 86 with DM-CKD. Four different clusters were identified. Phenotypes 1 and 2 are entirely composed of patients with DM-CKD and phenotypes 3 and 4 are predominantly CKD (non-DM-CKD). Phenotype 1 depicts a cardiovascular phenotype; phenotype 2: microvascular complications with advanced DM-CKD; phenotype 3: advanced CKD with less anaemia, lower weight and HbA1c; phenotype 4: hypercholesteraemic, younger, less severe CKD. We are the first group to describe different phenotypes in DM-CKD using a PCA approach. Identification of phenotypic groups illustrates the differences and similarities that occur under the umbrella term of DM-CKD providing an opportunity to study phenotypes within these groups thereby facilitating development of precision/personalised targeted medicine.
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Registered trials
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