ArticleScientific reports2018
Lipopolysaccharide and lipotheicoic acid differentially modulate epididymal cytokine and chemokine profiles and sperm parameters in experimental acute epididymitis.
Article in Scientific reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunoregulatory mechanisms between epithelial clear cells and mononuclear phagocytes in the epididymis.Andrology · 2024Pooled it
- Oxidative Stress and Male Infertility: A Critical Analysis of Current Diagnostic and Therapeutic Methods.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Immunological dynamics of the epididymis: from experimental insights to clinical translation.Reproduction & fertility · 2026Review
- Common Environmental Hazards and Male Infertility: Effects on Epididymal Immune Microenvironment.Toxics · 2026Review
- Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) Alleviates the Defective Epididymis and Sperm Function in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Induced Acute Mouse Epididymitis.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2025Article
- The Androbactome and the Gut Microbiota-Testis Axis: A Narrative Review of Emerging Insights into Male Fertility.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Proton-Secreting Cells as Drivers of Inflammation and Sperm Dysfunction in LPS-Induced Epididymitis.Function (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- In Vitro Effects of Lipopolysaccharide on Rabbit Sperm: Toll-like Receptor 4 Expression, Motility, and Oxidative Status.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A lack of commensal microbiota influences the male reproductive tract intergenerationally in mice.Reproduction (Cambridge, England) · 2025Article
- Immune Regulation in the Testis and Epididymis.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Systematic analyses of the factors influencing sperm quality in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The potential influence and intervention measures of gut microbiota on sperm: it is time to focus on testis-gut microbiota axis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- Short-Term Storage of Rooster Ejaculates: Sperm Quality and Bacterial Profile Differences in Selected Commercial Extenders.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Myd88 Signaling Is Involved in the Inflammatory Response in LPS-Induced Mouse Epididymitis and Bone-Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Defensins: defenders of human reproductive health.Human reproduction update · 2023Review
- Identification of hub genes and biological mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of asthenozoospermia and chronic epididymitis.Frontiers in genetics · 2023Article
- CX3CR1 deficiency leads to impairment of immune surveillance in the epididymis.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2022Article
- The Role of Mononuclear Phagocytes in the Testes and Epididymis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Article
- Probing the Potential Mechanism of Quercetin and Kaempferol against Heat Stress-Induced Sertoli Cell Injury: Through Integrating Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bacterial infections are the most prevalent etiological factors of epididymitis, a commonly diagnosed inflammatory disease in the investigation of male infertility factors. The influence of early pathogenic mechanisms at play during bacterial epididymitis on reproductive outcomes is little understood. We report here that experimental epididymitis induced in rats by Gram-negative (LPS) and Gram-positive (LTA) bacterial products resulted in differential patterns of acute inflammation in the cauda epididymis. LPS elicited a strong inflammatory reaction, as reflected by upregulation of levels of mRNA for seven inflammatory mediators (Il1b, Tnf, Il6, Ifng, Il10, Nos2 and Nfkbia), and tissue concentration of six cytokines/chemokines (IL1A, IL1B, IL6, IL10, CXCL2 and CCL2) within the first 24 h post-treatment. Conversely, LTA induced downregulation of one (Nfkbia) and upregulation of six (Il1b, Il6, Nos2, Il4 Il10 and Ptgs1) inflammatory gene transcripts, whereas increased the tissue concentration of three cytokines/chemokines (IL10, CXCL2 and CCL2). The stronger acute inflammatory response induced by LPS correlated with a reduction of epididymal sperm count and transit time that occurred at 1, 7, and 15 days post-treatment. Our study provides evidence that early epididymal inflammatory signaling events to bacterial activators of innate immunity may contribute to the detrimental effects of epididymitis upon male fertility.
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Registered trials
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