ArticleJournal of epidemiology2018
Yellow Tongue Coating is Associated With Diabetes Mellitus Among Japanese Non-smoking Men and Women: The Toon Health Study.
Article in Journal of epidemiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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14 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diabetic peripheral neuropathy detection of type 2 diabetes using machine learning from TCM features: a cross-sectional study.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2025Observational
- Correlation of tongue coating thickness with microinflammatory state and oral microbiome in maintenance hemodialysis patients.Journal of oral microbiology · 2025Article
- Distinct microbiome of tongue coating and gut in type 2 diabetes with yellow tongue coating.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Tongue feature dataset construction and real-time detection.PloS one · 2024Article
- Effects of Sitting and Supine Positions on Tongue Color as Measured by Tongue Image Analyzing System and Its Relation to Biometric Information.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2024Article
- Oral Manifestations: A Reliable Indicator for Undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus Patients.European journal of dentistry · 2023Article
- Article
- Deep Learning Multi-label Tongue Image Analysis and Its Application in a Population Undergoing Routine Medical Checkup.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2022Article
- Oral, Tongue-Coating Microbiota, and Metabolic Disorders: A Novel Area of Interactive Research.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Review
- A Nonlinear Association between Tongue Fur Thickness and Tumor Marker Abnormality: A Cross-Sectional Study.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2021Article
- Intra-Rater and Inter-Rater Reliability of Tongue Coating Diagnosis in Traditional Chinese Medicine Using Smartphones: Quasi-Delphi Study.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2020Article
- Tongue coating in relationship to gender, plaque, gingivitis and tongue cleaning behaviour in systemically healthy young adults.International journal of dental hygiene · 2020Observational
- Non-invasive intravital observation of lingual surface features using sliding oral mucoscopy techniques in clinically healthy subjects.Odontology · 2020Article
- Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundYellow tongue coating is one of the clinical signs for diabetes mellitus according to traditional East Asian medicine. Few reports have been available on the association between yellow tongue coating and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the general population. We examined that association among population samples of non-smoking men and women.
methodsThe study subjects were Japanese non-smoking men (n = 315) and women (n = 654) aged 30-79 years who resided in Toon city and participated in the Toon Health Study from July 2011 through November 2014. Tongue coating was assessed by a nationally licensed acupuncturist and classified into three categories of white (normal), light yellow, and yellow. We performed an oral glucose tolerance test to confirm the presence of diabetes mellitus and prediabetes. The associations between yellow tongue coating and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and prediabetes were examined using multivariable logistic regression analyses, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, drinking status, and physical activity.
resultsThe multivariable odds ratios of diabetes mellitus were 1.39 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72-2.67) for light yellow tongue coating and 2.23 (95% CI, 1.16-4.30) for yellow tongue coating compared with white tongue coating. The respective multivariable odds ratios of prediabetes were 1.13 (95% CI, 0.80-1.61) and 1.43 (95% CI, 0.96-2.12).
conclusionsYellow tongue coating was associated with higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus and tended to be associated with that of prediabetes among Japanese non-smoking men and women.
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