Observational studyJournal of neurotrauma2018
Persons with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury Have Decreased Natural Killer Cell and Increased Toll-Like Receptor/Inflammatory Gene Expression.
Observational study in Journal of neurotrauma, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Immune Status of Individuals with Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Role of Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) in Spinal Cord Injury (SCI): A Comprehensive Review.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Peripheral Immune Remodeling After Spinal Cord Injury: Marked by Expansion of CD38Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Observational
- Peripheral immunosuppressive and immunostimulatory signatures of severity and pain in spinal cord injury.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Immune Activation Following Spinal Cord Injury: A Review Focused on Inflammatory Changes in the Spinal Cord.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Blast Overpressure-Induced Neuroinflammation and Axonal Injury in the Spinal Cord of Ferrets.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Exploring the Landscape of Biomarkers in Spinal Cord Injury.Topics in spinal cord injury rehabilitation · 2025Review
- The Role of Estrogen in Brain MicroRNAs Regulation.Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin · 2024Review
- Extracellular vesicles epitopes as potential biomarker candidates in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Peripheral immune reactions following human traumatic spinal cord injury: the interplay of immune activation and suppression.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Patients with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury Display a Progressive Alteration over the Years of the Activation Stages of the T Lymphocyte Compartment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Profiling Immunological Phenotypes in Individuals During the First Year After Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: A Longitudinal Analysis.Journal of neurotrauma · 2023Article
- Unbiased multitissue transcriptomic analysis reveals complex neuroendocrine regulatory networks mediated by spinal cord injury-induced immunodeficiency.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- The spinal cord injury-induced immune deficiency syndrome: results of the SCIentinel study.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2023Article
- A comprehensive look at the psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology of spinal cord injury and its progression: mechanisms and clinical opportunities.Military Medical Research · 2023Review
- Comprehensive analysis of a pyroptosis-related gene signature of clinical and biological values in spinal cord injury.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Elevated levels of IgA and IgG2 in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury.The journal of spinal cord medicine · 2022Observational
- Exploring the vagus nerve and the inflammatory reflex for therapeutic benefit in chronic spinal cord injury.Current opinion in neurology · 2022Review
- Peripheral Immune Dysfunction: A Problem of Central Importance after Spinal Cord Injury.Biology · 2021Review
- Diagnostic blood RNA profiles for human acute spinal cord injury.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Infections are the leading cause of death for individuals with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). Along with increased infection rates, inflammation is often also observed in persons with chronic SCI. Together, immunological changes post-SCI are also poised to impede neurological recovery and mediate common medical consequences of SCI, including atherogenesis and neuropathic pain. The molecular mechanisms contributing to increased infection susceptibility and inflammation in persons living with SCI are poorly understood. Here, we used tools of functional genomics to perform a pilot study to compare whole-blood gene expression in individuals with chronic SCI (≥1 year from initial injury; N = 31) and uninjured individuals (N = 26). We identified 1815 differentially expressed genes in all SCI participants and 2226 differentially expressed genes in persons with SCI rostral to thoracic level 5, compared to uninjured participants. This included marked downregulation of natural killer cell genes and upregulation of the proinflammatory Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. These data provide novel mechanistic insights into the causes underlying the symptoms of immune dysfunction in individuals living with SCI.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.