SynthesisMedicine2017
Risk of gastrointestinal toxicities with PD-1 inhibitors in cancer patients: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
Synthesis in Medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dose dependence of treatment-related adverse events for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies: a model-based meta-analysis.Oncoimmunology · 2020Pooled it
- Association between immune check point inhibitors and digestive system inflammatory adverse reactions: evidence from pharmacovigilance analysis and systematic review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- A case report on imaging findings of rare segmental necrotizing granulomatous neuritis of leprosy involving ulnar nerve.Qatar medical journal · 2024Article
- Pneumatosis intestinalis in cancer patients who received immune checkpoint inhibitors.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors-related myocarditis in patients with cancer: an analysis of international spontaneous reporting systems.BMC cancer · 2021Article
- Association of immune-checkpoint inhibitors and the risk of immune-related colitis among elderly patients with advanced melanoma: real-world evidence from the SEER-Medicare database.Therapeutic advances in drug safety · 2021Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors induced colitis, stay vigilant: A case report.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2020Article
- Nivolumab-induced small bowel obstruction and perforation: a rare but life-threatening side effect of immunotherapy.Emergency radiology · 2020Article
- Nivolumab-induced celiac-like enteropathy in patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: Case report and review of the literature.Clinical case reports · 2019Article
- Nivolumab-induced immune-mediated colitis: an ulcerative colitis look-alike-report of new cases and review of the literature.International journal of colorectal disease · 2019Review
- Nivolumab and immune-mediated colitis.Clinical case reports · 2019Article
- Clinical validation of the tempus xT next-generation targeted oncology sequencing assay.Oncotarget · 2019Article
- Adverse Event Profiles of Anti-CTLA-4 and Anti-PD-1 Monoclonal Antibodies Alone or in Combination: Analysis of Spontaneous Reports Submitted to FAERS.Clinical drug investigation · 2019Article
- Artificial T Cell Mimetics to Combat Melanoma Tumor Growth.American journal of advanced drug delivery · 2018Article
- Therapeutic and Systemic Adverse Events of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis for Clinical Management of NSCLC.Cell transplantationReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAnti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibodies have demonstrated significant clinical activity in many cancer entities. Gastrointestinal toxicities are one of its major side effects, but the overall risks have not been systematically evaluated. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence and risk of gastrointestinal toxicities with PD-1 inhibitors in cancer patients through a meta-analysis.
methodsEligible studies were searched for in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. We included randomized controlled trials with cancer patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors with adequate data on gastrointestinal adverse events.
resultsA total of 14 randomized controlled trials involving 7508 patients met eligibility criteria for this meta-analysis. The relative risk of all-grade diarrhea and colitis was 0.66 (95% confidence interval (CI): [0.50, 0.87]; P = .003) and 3.36 (95% CI: [1.25, 9.04]; P = .02), respectively. The relative risk of high-grade diarrhea and colitis was 0.58 (95% CI: [0.30, 1.11]; P = .10) and 4.31 (95% CI: [1.11, 16.79]; P = .04), respectively. Compared with ipilimumab alone, the nivolumab/ipilimumab combination was associated with a higher risk of developing all-grade diarrhea. Additionally, PD-1 inhibitor monotherapy resulted in a lower risk of developing gastrointestinal adverse events compared with ipilimumab alone.
conclusionsOur meta-analysis has demonstrated that the use of PD-1 inhibitors is associated with an increased risk of colitis compared with chemotherapy or everolimus.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.