Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29309550›Full record

ReviewEndocrine reviews2018

Hormonal Contraception and HIV-1 Acquisition: Biological Mechanisms.

Janet P Hapgood, Charu Kaushic, Zdenek Hel

Open access · hybridAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Endocrine reviews, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
80citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
15.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

80 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 107 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
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  7. Trial
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  9. Genital inflammatory status and the innate immune response to contraceptive initiation.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2022
    Trial
  10. Trial
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  12. Trial
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  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Beyond the Barrier: Epithelial Cells as Immune Sentinels in the Female Genital Tract.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026
    Review
  20. Innate Immune Protection Against HIV in the Female Genital Tract.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026
    Review

20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Janet P HapgoodDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Charu KaushicDepartment of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada.
Zdenek HelDepartment of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
McMaster University · CAUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham · USUniversity of Cape Town · ZA

Funding

Combination treatment for protection against HIV1 and pregnancyR01HD083026 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN · PI HAPGOOD, JANET PATRICIA, HEL, ZDENEK · 2015 to 2019
$2.5M
CIHR FRN 126019CIHR FRN 138657CIHR FRN 93615NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD083026
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Access to effective affordable contraception is critical for individual and public health. A wide range of hormonal contraceptives (HCs), which differ in composition, concentration of the progestin component, frequency of dosage, and method of administration, is currently available globally. However, the options are rather limited in settings with restricted economic resources that frequently overlap with areas of high HIV-1 prevalence. The predominant contraceptive used in sub-Saharan Africa is the progestin-only three-monthly injectable depot medroxyprogesterone acetate. Determination of whether HCs affect HIV-1 acquisition has been hampered by behavioral differences potentially confounding clinical observational data. Meta-analysis of these studies shows a significant association between depot medroxyprogesterone acetate use and increased risk of HIV-1 acquisition, raising important concerns. No association was found for combined oral contraceptives containing levonorgestrel, nor for the two-monthly injectable contraceptive norethisterone enanthate, although data for norethisterone enanthate are limited. Susceptibility to HIV-1 and other sexually transmitted infections may, however, be dependent on the type of progestin present in the formulation. Several underlying biological mechanisms that may mediate the effect of HCs on HIV-1 and other sexually transmitted infection acquisition have been identified in clinical, animal, and ex vivo studies. A substantial gap exists in the translation of basic research into clinical practice and public health policy. To bridge this gap, we review the current knowledge of underlying mechanisms and biological effects of commonly used progestins. The review sheds light on issues critical for an informed choice of progestins for the identification of safe, effective, acceptable, and affordable contraceptive methods.

Indexed as

AnimalsContraceptionContraceptive Agents, FemaleDisease SusceptibilityDose-Response Relationship, DrugFemaleGenitalia, FemaleHIV-1HIV InfectionsHumansMedroxyprogesterone AcetateProgestinsContraceptive Agents, FemaleMedroxyprogesterone AcetateProgestins

Identifiers

PMID29309550
PMCPMC5807094
OpenAlexW2782051442

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.