ArticleMedical care2018
Alzheimer Disease and Related Disorders and Out-of-Pocket Health Care Spending and Burden Among Elderly Medicare Beneficiaries.
Article in Medical care, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Catecholamines in Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2020Pooled it
- Estimating the magnitude and scope of disability-related direct costs: a systematised review.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2026Article
- "It may cost you your money, it costs you your life": a framework for financial hardship in dementia.The Gerontologist · 2025Article
- Top-Rated Health Care and Ease of Access to Medications Linked to Lower Medicare and ADRD Costs.Medical care · 2025Article
- Changes in Out-of-Pocket Drug Expenditures Among Medicare Beneficiaries With Dementia Under the Inflation Reduction Act: A Simulation Study.Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research · 2025Article
- Ascertaining Out-of-Pocket Costs of Dementia Care: Feasibility Study of a Web-Based Weekly Survey.JMIR formative research · 2024Article
- Medicare Advantage enrollment and outcomes of post-acute nursing home care among patients with dementia.Health affairs scholar · 2024Article
- 2024 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Caring for Individuals with Alzheimer's Disease: A Spotlight on Hispanic Caregivers.Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports · 2024Review
- Amyloid Positron Emission Tomography and Subsequent Health Care Use Among Medicare Beneficiaries With Mild Cognitive Impairment or Dementia.JAMA neurology · 2023Article
- Medicare Advantage Enrollment and Disenrollment Among Persons With Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias.JAMA health forum · 2023Article
- Effects of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias on dental care usage and economic burden in older adults: a cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Monetary valuation of COVID-19 informal care: caregivers' willingness to pay and willingness to accept.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2023Article
- Variations in Medicare Advantage Switching Rates Among African American and Hispanic Medicare Beneficiaries With Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias, by Sex and Dual Eligibility.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2022Article
- Comparing the care experiences of Medicare Advantage beneficiaries with and without Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2022Article
- Out-of-pocket costs attributable to dementia: A longitudinal analysis.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2022Article
- Site Readiness Framework to Improve Health System Preparedness for a Potential New Alzheimer's Disease Treatment Paradigm.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2022Article
- Plan switching among Medicare Advantage beneficiaries with Alzheimer's disease and other dementias.Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo estimate the excess burden of out-of-pocket health care spending associated with Alzheimer disease and related disorders (ADRD) among older individuals (age 65 y and older).
methodsWe adopted a retrospective, cross-sectional study design with data from 2012 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey. The study sample comprised of elderly community-dwelling individuals who had positive total health care expenditures, and enrolled in Medicare throughout the calendar year (462 with ADRD, and 7160 without ADRD). We estimated the per-capita total annual out-of-pocket spending on health care and out-of-pocket spending by service type: inpatient, outpatient, home health, prescription drugs, and other services. We measured out-of-pocket spending burden by calculating the percentage of income spent on health care and defined high out-of-pocket spending burden as having this percentage above 10%. Multivariable analyses included ordinary least squares regressions and logistic regressions and these analyses adjusted for predisposing, enabling, need, personal health care practices and external environment characteristics.
resultsThe average annual per-capita out-of-pocket health care spending was greater among individuals with ADRD compared with those without ADRD ($3285 vs. $1895); home health and prescription drugs accounted for 52% of total out-of-pocket spending among individuals with ADRD and 34% among individuals without ADRD. Elderly individuals with ADRD were more likely to have high out-of-pocket spending burden (adjusted odds ratio, 1.49; 95% confidence interval, 1.13-1.97) compared with those without ADRD.
conclusionADRD is associated with excess out-of-pocket health care spending, primarily driven by prescription drugs and home health care use.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.