ArticleOncoimmunology
Two immune-enhanced molecular subtypes differ in inflammation, checkpoint signaling and outcome of advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
Article in Oncoimmunology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrative immune subtyping of HNSCC reveals clinically relevant phenotypes and treatment-associated transitions.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Article
- Mature tertiary lymphoid structures linked to HPV status and anti-PD-1 based chemoimmunotherapy response in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Oncoimmunology · 2025Article
- Molecular basis, potential biomarkers, and future prospects of OSCC and PD-1/PD-L1 related immunotherapy methods.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Expression of Tumor Suppressor SFRP1 Predicts Biological Behaviors and Prognosis: A Potential Target for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Biomolecules · 2022Article
- The Chemokines Initiating and Maintaining Immune Hot Phenotype Are Prognostic in ICB of HNSCC.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Article
- Oncogenic signaling pathway dysregulation landscape reveals the role of pathways at multiple omics levels in pan-cancer.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Article
- Integrated Multi-Omics Analysis Identified PTPRG and CHL1 as Key Regulators of Immunophenotypes in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma(ccRCC).Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Identification of three immune molecular subtypes associated with immune profiles, immune checkpoints, and clinical outcome in multiple myeloma.Cancer medicine · 2021Article
- Immune-Related Mutational Landscape and Gene Signatures: Prognostic Value and Therapeutic Impact for Head and Neck Cancer.Cancers · 2021Review
- Dissecting Tumor Antigens and Immune Subtypes of Glioma to Develop mRNA Vaccine.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- HighJournal of Cancer · 2021Article
- Cancer-associated fibroblasts in gastric cancer affect malignant progression via the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis.Journal of Cancer · 2021Article
- The Immune Profile of Pituitary Adenomas and a Novel Immune Classification for Predicting Immunotherapy Responsiveness.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2020Article
- Development and verification of a personalized immune prognostic feature in breast cancer.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2020Article
- The tumor immune microenvironmental analysis of 2,033 transcriptomes across 7 cancer types.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- In silico analysis reveals EP300 as a panCancer inhibitor of anti-tumor immune response via metabolic modulation.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Identification of immune-enhanced molecular subtype associated with BRCA1 mutations, immune checkpoints and clinical outcome in ovarian carcinoma.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2020Article
- Profiles of immune cell infiltration in head and neck squamous carcinoma.Bioscience reports · 2020Article
- Development of an Immune-Related Risk Signature for Predicting Prognosis in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Frontiers in genetics · 2020Article
- Transcriptomics and Epigenomics in head and neck cancer: available repositories and molecular signatures.Cancers of the head & neck · 2020Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The immune environment of primary tumor is associated with the clinical response and benefit of immunotherapy. This study aims to investigate the intratumoral immune profile and its clinical relevance in advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Gene expression profiles of 401 HNSCCs at stage III-IVB from two cohorts (The Cancer Genome Atlas, TCGA, n = 203; the Leipzig Head and Neck Group, LHNG, n = 198) were involved in this analysis. Based on the global immune-related genes, four gene expression subtypes (C1-4) were identified in HNSCCs. Overall, subtypes C2 and C3 showed upregulation of immune profiles and increased tumor lymphocyte infiltration, exhibiting an enhanced immune microenvironment (EIME). However, the two EIME subtypes revealed differences in immune markers and clinical features. Subtype C2 showed higher expression of macrophage signature, whereas subtype C3 was more associated with B cell infiltration. T cell and NK cell infiltration was not different between C2 and C3 subtypes. The subtype C2 tumors were characterized by inflammation compared with subtype C3. Although the checkpoint receptors PD1 and CTLA4 expressed equally between the EIME subtypes, their ligands (PD-L1/PD-L2, CD86/CD80) were significantly upregulated in subtype C2 compared with C3. HPV-positive tumors were predominantly enriched in subtype C3 but not in C2. Furthermore, patients in subtype C2 had a worse outcome than those in C3. In summary, two immune-enhanced subtypes with different immune characteristics and clinical features were identified in advanced HNSCC. The different immune microenvironments among HNSCC subgroups may provide new insights into the strategy of immunotherapy.
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