ArticleMultiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)2018
Sex chromosome contributions to sex differences in multiple sclerosis susceptibility and progression.
Article in Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exercise-based telerehabilitation for patients with multiple sclerosis using physical activity: a systematic review.Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of Telehealth-Supervised Respiratory Exercise Training on Respiratory Function, Fatigue, Quality of Life, and Functional Capacity of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Trial
- Sex- and age-specific associations ofAnnals of medicine · 2026Article
- Highlight on Dr. Rhonda Voskuhl: a pioneer in the exploration of sex differences in the immune response.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Transcriptional mechanisms of sex-biased gene expression and their connections to disease-associated variation.Human molecular genetics · 2026Article
- Sex in Immune Cells and Parasitic Diseases - A Complex Relationship.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Beyond the optic disc: Investigating gender-based differences in optic neuritis.World journal of clinical cases · 2025Review
- Sex Bias in Autoimmunity: New Findings and New Opportunities.JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health · 2025Review
- Article
- Exploring the relationship between polycystic ovarian syndrome, testosterone, and multiple sclerosis in women: A nationwide cohort study and genome-wide cross-trait analysis.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2024Article
- Sex difference in human diseases: mechanistic insights and clinical implications.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Microchimerism in multiple sclerosis: The association between sex of offspring and MRI features in women with multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Immune Cell Contributors to the Female Sex Bias in Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2023Article
- Inhibiting microglia exacerbates the early effects of cuprizone in males in a rat model of multiple sclerosis, with no effect in females.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- The X factor in neurodegeneration.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2022Article
- Quantitative effect of sex on disease activity and disability accumulation in multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2022Article
- Low-field magnetic stimulation improved cuprizone-induced depression-like symptoms and demyelination in female mice.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2022Article
- Theiler's virus-induced demyelinating disease as an infectious model of progressive multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Review
- Sex, aging and immunity in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: An intriguing interaction.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Review
- Sex bias in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: How it influences clinical course, MRI parameters and prognosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWhy are women more susceptible to multiple sclerosis, but men have worse disability progression? Sex differences in disease may be due to sex hormones, sex chromosomes, or both.
objectiveDetermine whether differences in sex chromosomes can contribute to sex differences in multiple sclerosis using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
methodsSex chromosome transgenic mice, which permit the study of sex chromosomes not confounded by differences in sex hormones, were used to examine an effect of sex chromosomes on autoimmunity and neurodegeneration, focusing on X chromosome genes.
resultsT-lymphocyte DNA methylation studies of the X chromosome gene Foxp3 suggested that maternal versus paternal imprinting of X chromosome genes may underlie sex differences in autoimmunity. Bone marrow chimeras with the same immune system but different sex chromosomes in the central nervous system suggested that differential expression of the X chromosome gene Toll-like receptor 7 in neurons may contribute to sex differences in neurodegeneration.
conclusionMapping the transcriptome and methylome in T lymphocytes and neurons in females versus males could reveal mechanisms underlying sex differences in autoimmunity and neurodegeneration.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.