ArticleInternational journal of legal medicine2018
Acute phase response after fatal traumatic brain injury.
Article in International journal of legal medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Early post-traumatic seizure as severity predictor of traumatic brain injury: A meta-analysis and systematic review.Chinese journal of traumatology = Zhonghua chuang shang za zhi · 2026Pooled it
- Prediction of delirium in trauma patients using interpretable machine learning.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- The polychromatism of postmortem cerebrospinal fluid.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2025Article
- Post-mortem utility of Neuron Specific Enolase (NSE) and Calcium Binding Protein B (S100B) for differentiating traumatic brain injury from other causes of death.International journal of legal medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Modulation of Inflammatory Response by Electromagnetic Field Stimulation in Traumatic Brain Injury in Yucatan Swine.Journal of surgery and research · 2024Article
- Inflammation biomarkers IL‑6 and IL‑10 may improve the diagnostic and prognostic accuracy of currently authorized traumatic brain injury tools.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2023Article
- Ferroptosis: a critical player and potential therapeutic target in traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury.Neural regeneration research · 2023Review
- Complexity of human death: its physiological, transcriptomic, and microbiological implications.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Advances in understanding the pathogenesis of post-traumatic epilepsy: a literature review.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Review
- Analysis of the risk of traumatic brain injury and evaluation neurogranin and myelin basic protein as potential biomarkers of traumatic brain injury in postmortem examination.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2022Article
- Forensic biomarkers of lethal traumatic brain injury.International journal of legal medicine · 2022Review
- Ferroptosis: an iron-dependent cell death form linking metabolism, diseases, immune cell and targeted therapy.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2022Review
- The Significance of The Detection of Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase, Hypersensitive C-Reactive Protein, and N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide for the Evaluation of the Severity and Progression of Pediatric Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury.Current neurovascular research · 2022Article
- GFAP positivity in neurons following traumatic brain injuries.International journal of legal medicine · 2021Article
- Assessing Protein Biomarkers to Detect Lethal Acute Traumatic Brain Injuries in Cerebrospinal Fluid.Biomolecules · 2021Article
- Review
- Screening for Fatal Traumatic Brain Injuries in Cerebrospinal Fluid Using Blood-Validated CK and CK-MB Immunoassays.Biomolecules · 2021Article
- Myelin basic protein and neurofilament H in postmortem cerebrospinal fluid as surrogate markers of fatal traumatic brain injury.International journal of legal medicine · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
An inflammatory response occurring after fatal traumatic brain injury (TBI) initiates time-dependent cascades of acute phase response. This may offer the potential to monitor postmortem biomarker levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines to gain information about the cause of death and the trauma survival time. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples were collected from forensic autopsies of 95 adult cadavers after postmortem intervals up to 6 days. The cases were divided according to their cause of death into fatal TBI (n = 46) with different survival times and age- and gender-matching non-TBI fatalities as controls (n = 49). Quantitative marker levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), ferritin, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1, C-reactive protein, and lactate dehydrogenase were analyzed using immunoassays. Standardized statistical tests were performed to differentiate causes of death and survival time of TBI cases. The CSF IL-6, ferritin, and LDH levels after TBI were significantly higher than those in the controls (p < 0.001). Only serum IL-6 values showed comparable differences (p < 0.05). Both CSF and serum ferritin levels were discriminative between early and delayed death after TBI (p < 0.05). There were partly distinctive correlations between marker levels in both fluids with rising values after longer survival. There were up to moderate correlation between the marker levels and the postmortem interval due to postmortem hemolysis. However, neither CSF nor serum level ranges were affected by the age or gender of the subjects. This study is the first to measure all five proteins systematically in postmortem trauma cases. Ferritin and IL-6 proved themselves to be interesting postmortem biomarkers to provide specific information on the injury pattern and the survival time of traumatic fatalities. Such forensic investigations could serve as inexpensive and fast laboratory tests.
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