ReviewClinical reviews in allergy & immunology2019
Sex in Respiratory and Skin Allergies.
Review in Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and Risk Factors of Food Allergy and Its Association With Asthma Coexistence and Severity in Bangladeshi Schoolchildren: A GIS-Based Cross-Sectional Study.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- DNMT3A-mediated Methylation of IRF4 Alleviates Inflammatory Response in Allergic Rhinitis Mice.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Exploring the relative contribution of genetic and external exposomic risk scores to allergies in elderly women.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of respiratory diseases and attributable risk factors in adolescents and young adults, 1990-2021: a Global Burden of Disease 2021 analysis.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2026Article
- CSF estrogens' relationships to neuroinflammatory markers and brain networks in middle-aged and older black and white women.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Treatment of allergic rhinitis with a mixed Chinese herbal formula via regulatory B cells: A prospective pilot study.Journal of traditional and complementary medicine · 2025Article
- Sexual Health in Atopic Dermatitis: Impact of Skin Clinical Control.Clinical and translational allergy · 2025Article
- Gender and Allergy: Mechanisms, Clinical Phenotypes, and Therapeutic Response-A Position Paper from the Società Italiana di Allergologia, Asma ed Immunologia Clinica (SIAAIC).International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Urticaria in China: incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years compared with G20 countries: findings from the Global Burden of Disease study 2021.Archives of dermatological research · 2025Article
- Association between alcohol consumption and allergic rhinitis in US adults.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Associations between nocturnal bedtime and asthma among adults in the United States.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2024Article
- The role of nociceptive neurons in allergic rhinitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Associations between HT, BMI, and allergic rhinitis in perimenopausal women.Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2023Article
- Changing Trends in School Absenteeism and Identification of Associated Factors in Adolescents with Atopic Dermatitis.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Phytoestrogen-Based Hormonal Replacement Therapy Could Benefit Women Suffering Late-Onset Asthma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Resveratrol Protects against Skin Inflammation through Inhibition of Mast Cell, Sphingosine Kinase-1, Stat3 and NF-κB p65 Signaling Activation in Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Cytokine production by newborns: influence of sex and season of birth.Pediatric research · 2023Article
- Immunopathogenesis of Atopic Dermatitis: Focus on Interleukins as Disease Drivers and Therapeutic Targets for Novel Treatments.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Mechanism and clinical evidence of immunotherapy in allergic rhinitis.Frontiers in allergy · 2023Review
- Increased risk of cataract surgery in patients with allergic disease: a population based cohort study.Scientific reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A bulk of literature demonstrated that respiratory allergy, and especially asthma, is prevalent in males during childhood, while it becomes more frequent in females from adolescence, i.e., after menarche, to adulthood. The mechanisms underlying the difference between females and males are the effects on the immune response of female hormones and in particular the modulation of inflammatory response by estrogens, as well as the result of the activity of various cells, such as dendritic cells, innate lymphoid cells, Th1, Th2, T regulatory (Treg) and B regulatory (Bregs) cells, and a number of proteins and cytokines, which include interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13. As far as sexual dimorphism is concerned, a gender difference in the expression profiles of histamine receptors and of mast cells was demonstrated in experimental studies. A critical phase of hormone production is the menstrual cycle, which often is associated with asthma deterioration, as assessed by worsening of clinical symptoms and increase of bronchial hyperresponsiveness. In asthmatic woman, there is a high risk to develop more severe asthma during menstruation. The higher prevalence of asthma in females is confirmed also in the post-menopause age, but the underlying mechanisms are not yet understood. In pregnancy, asthma may worsen but may also improve or remain unchanged, with no significant difference in frequency of these three outcomes. For allergic rhinitis, the available studies indicate, likewise asthma, a male predominance in prevalence in childhood that shifts to a female predominance in adolescence and adulthood, but further investigation is needed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.