Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29305437›Full record

ReviewNeurology2018

Dementia in Latin America: Assessing the present and envisioning the future.

Mario A Parra, Sandra Baez, Ricardo Allegri, Ricardo Nitrini, Francisco Lopera, Andrea Slachevsky, Nilton Custodio, David Lira, Olivier Piguet, Fiona Kumfor and 5 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Neurology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03977025 (Evaluation of Alzheimer's Biomarkers in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Peripheral Blood of Elderly Patients Undergoing Surgery in the HCUCH.), which is not on this map. Cited by 133 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
133citing papers in PubMed, 10 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03977025 unknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2019, after this paper: background citation

Evaluation of Alzheimer's Biomarkers in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Peripheral Blood of Elderly Patients Undergoing Surgery in the HCUCH.

TypeobservationalSponsorUniversity of ChileRan2019 to 2020Enrolled30ConditionsAlzheimer DiseaseArmsLumbar punction
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

133 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  11. Article
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  14. Bibliometric analysis of Alzheimer's and dementia research in Latin America.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
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  18. Benchmarking speech biomarkers of Alzheimer's against cognitive and neural measures.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
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73 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Mario A ParraFrom the School of Life Sciences (M.A.P.), Psychology, University Heriot-Watt; Human Cognitive Neuroscience (M.A.P.), Psychology, Edinburgh University; Alzheimer's Scotland Dementia Research Centre and Scottish Dementia Clinical Research Network (M.A.P.), Edinburgh; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (M.A.P., T.B.) and Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences (P.C., T.B.), University of Edinburgh, UK; Universidad Autónoma del Caribe (M.A.P., A.I.), Barranquilla, Colombia; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) (S.B., F.M., A.I.); Institute of Translational and Cognitive Neuroscience (INCYT) (S.B., F.M., A.I.), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Psicología (S.B.) Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia; Department of Cognitive Neurology and Neuropsychology (R.A.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas "Raúl Carrea" (FLENI) (R.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de la Costa (CUC) (R.A.), Barranquilla, Colombia; Department of Neurology (R.N.), University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil; Group of Neuroscience (F.L.), University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (A.S.); Physiopathology Department, ICBM, and East Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Medicine (A.S.), and Center for Advanced Research in Education (CIAE) (A.S.), University of Chile; Cognitive Neurology and Dementia, Neurology Department (A.S.), Hospital del Salvador; Neurology Department, Clínica Alemana (A.S.), Santiago, Chile; Research Unit, Peruvian Institute of Neurosciences (N.C., D.L.) and Unit Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Prevention (N.C., D.L.), Lima, Peru; Brain and Mind Centre & School of Psychology (O.P., F.K.), Faculty of Science, University of Sydney; ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders (O.P., F.K., F.M., A.I.), Sydney, Australia; Fraunhofer Chile (O.P., P.C.), Santiago; and Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology (D.H., A.I.), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile.
Sandra BaezFrom the School of Life Sciences (M.A.P.), Psychology, University Heriot-Watt; Human Cognitive Neuroscience (M.A.P.), Psychology, Edinburgh University; Alzheimer's Scotland Dementia Research Centre and Scottish Dementia Clinical Research Network (M.A.P.), Edinburgh; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (M.A.P., T.B.) and Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences (P.C., T.B.), University of Edinburgh, UK; Universidad Autónoma del Caribe (M.A.P., A.I.), Barranquilla, Colombia; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) (S.B., F.M., A.I.); Institute of Translational and Cognitive Neuroscience (INCYT) (S.B., F.M., A.I.), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Psicología (S.B.) Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia; Department of Cognitive Neurology and Neuropsychology (R.A.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas "Raúl Carrea" (FLENI) (R.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de la Costa (CUC) (R.A.), Barranquilla, Colombia; Department of Neurology (R.N.), University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil; Group of Neuroscience (F.L.), University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (A.S.); Physiopathology Department, ICBM, and East Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Medicine (A.S.), and Center for Advanced Research in Education (CIAE) (A.S.), University of Chile; Cognitive Neurology and Dementia, Neurology Department (A.S.), Hospital del Salvador; Neurology Department, Clínica Alemana (A.S.), Santiago, Chile; Research Unit, Peruvian Institute of Neurosciences (N.C., D.L.) and Unit Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Prevention (N.C., D.L.), Lima, Peru; Brain and Mind Centre & School of Psychology (O.P., F.K.), Faculty of Science, University of Sydney; ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders (O.P., F.K., F.M., A.I.), Sydney, Australia; Fraunhofer Chile (O.P., P.C.), Santiago; and Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology (D.H., A.I.), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile.
Ricardo AllegriFrom the School of Life Sciences (M.A.P.), Psychology, University Heriot-Watt; Human Cognitive Neuroscience (M.A.P.), Psychology, Edinburgh University; Alzheimer's Scotland Dementia Research Centre and Scottish Dementia Clinical Research Network (M.A.P.), Edinburgh; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (M.A.P., T.B.) and Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences (P.C., T.B.), University of Edinburgh, UK; Universidad Autónoma del Caribe (M.A.P., A.I.), Barranquilla, Colombia; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) (S.B., F.M., A.I.); Institute of Translational and Cognitive Neuroscience (INCYT) (S.B., F.M., A.I.), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Psicología (S.B.) Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia; Department of Cognitive Neurology and Neuropsychology (R.A.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas "Raúl Carrea" (FLENI) (R.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de la Costa (CUC) (R.A.), Barranquilla, Colombia; Department of Neurology (R.N.), University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil; Group of Neuroscience (F.L.), University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (A.S.); Physiopathology Department, ICBM, and East Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Medicine (A.S.), and Center for Advanced Research in Education (CIAE) (A.S.), University of Chile; Cognitive Neurology and Dementia, Neurology Department (A.S.), Hospital del Salvador; Neurology Department, Clínica Alemana (A.S.), Santiago, Chile; Research Unit, Peruvian Institute of Neurosciences (N.C., D.L.) and Unit Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Prevention (N.C., D.L.), Lima, Peru; Brain and Mind Centre & School of Psychology (O.P., F.K.), Faculty of Science, University of Sydney; ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders (O.P., F.K., F.M., A.I.), Sydney, Australia; Fraunhofer Chile (O.P., P.C.), Santiago; and Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology (D.H., A.I.), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile.
Ricardo NitriniFrom the School of Life Sciences (M.A.P.), Psychology, University Heriot-Watt; Human Cognitive Neuroscience (M.A.P.), Psychology, Edinburgh University; Alzheimer's Scotland Dementia Research Centre and Scottish Dementia Clinical Research Network (M.A.P.), Edinburgh; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (M.A.P., T.B.) and Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences (P.C., T.B.), University of Edinburgh, UK; Universidad Autónoma del Caribe (M.A.P., A.I.), Barranquilla, Colombia; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) (S.B., F.M., A.I.); Institute of Translational and Cognitive Neuroscience (INCYT) (S.B., F.M., A.I.), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Psicología (S.B.) Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia; Department of Cognitive Neurology and Neuropsychology (R.A.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas "Raúl Carrea" (FLENI) (R.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de la Costa (CUC) (R.A.), Barranquilla, Colombia; Department of Neurology (R.N.), University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil; Group of Neuroscience (F.L.), University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (A.S.); Physiopathology Department, ICBM, and East Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Medicine (A.S.), and Center for Advanced Research in Education (CIAE) (A.S.), University of Chile; Cognitive Neurology and Dementia, Neurology Department (A.S.), Hospital del Salvador; Neurology Department, Clínica Alemana (A.S.), Santiago, Chile; Research Unit, Peruvian Institute of Neurosciences (N.C., D.L.) and Unit Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Prevention (N.C., D.L.), Lima, Peru; Brain and Mind Centre & School of Psychology (O.P., F.K.), Faculty of Science, University of Sydney; ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders (O.P., F.K., F.M., A.I.), Sydney, Australia; Fraunhofer Chile (O.P., P.C.), Santiago; and Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology (D.H., A.I.), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile.
Francisco LoperaFrom the School of Life Sciences (M.A.P.), Psychology, University Heriot-Watt; Human Cognitive Neuroscience (M.A.P.), Psychology, Edinburgh University; Alzheimer's Scotland Dementia Research Centre and Scottish Dementia Clinical Research Network (M.A.P.), Edinburgh; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (M.A.P., T.B.) and Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences (P.C., T.B.), University of Edinburgh, UK; Universidad Autónoma del Caribe (M.A.P., A.I.), Barranquilla, Colombia; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) (S.B., F.M., A.I.); Institute of Translational and Cognitive Neuroscience (INCYT) (S.B., F.M., A.I.), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Psicología (S.B.) Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia; Department of Cognitive Neurology and Neuropsychology (R.A.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas "Raúl Carrea" (FLENI) (R.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de la Costa (CUC) (R.A.), Barranquilla, Colombia; Department of Neurology (R.N.), University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil; Group of Neuroscience (F.L.), University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (A.S.); Physiopathology Department, ICBM, and East Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Medicine (A.S.), and Center for Advanced Research in Education (CIAE) (A.S.), University of Chile; Cognitive Neurology and Dementia, Neurology Department (A.S.), Hospital del Salvador; Neurology Department, Clínica Alemana (A.S.), Santiago, Chile; Research Unit, Peruvian Institute of Neurosciences (N.C., D.L.) and Unit Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Prevention (N.C., D.L.), Lima, Peru; Brain and Mind Centre & School of Psychology (O.P., F.K.), Faculty of Science, University of Sydney; ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders (O.P., F.K., F.M., A.I.), Sydney, Australia; Fraunhofer Chile (O.P., P.C.), Santiago; and Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology (D.H., A.I.), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile.
Andrea SlachevskyFrom the School of Life Sciences (M.A.P.), Psychology, University Heriot-Watt; Human Cognitive Neuroscience (M.A.P.), Psychology, Edinburgh University; Alzheimer's Scotland Dementia Research Centre and Scottish Dementia Clinical Research Network (M.A.P.), Edinburgh; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (M.A.P., T.B.) and Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences (P.C., T.B.), University of Edinburgh, UK; Universidad Autónoma del Caribe (M.A.P., A.I.), Barranquilla, Colombia; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) (S.B., F.M., A.I.); Institute of Translational and Cognitive Neuroscience (INCYT) (S.B., F.M., A.I.), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Psicología (S.B.) Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia; Department of Cognitive Neurology and Neuropsychology (R.A.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas "Raúl Carrea" (FLENI) (R.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de la Costa (CUC) (R.A.), Barranquilla, Colombia; Department of Neurology (R.N.), University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil; Group of Neuroscience (F.L.), University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (A.S.); Physiopathology Department, ICBM, and East Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Medicine (A.S.), and Center for Advanced Research in Education (CIAE) (A.S.), University of Chile; Cognitive Neurology and Dementia, Neurology Department (A.S.), Hospital del Salvador; Neurology Department, Clínica Alemana (A.S.), Santiago, Chile; Research Unit, Peruvian Institute of Neurosciences (N.C., D.L.) and Unit Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Prevention (N.C., D.L.), Lima, Peru; Brain and Mind Centre & School of Psychology (O.P., F.K.), Faculty of Science, University of Sydney; ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders (O.P., F.K., F.M., A.I.), Sydney, Australia; Fraunhofer Chile (O.P., P.C.), Santiago; and Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology (D.H., A.I.), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile.
Nilton CustodioFrom the School of Life Sciences (M.A.P.), Psychology, University Heriot-Watt; Human Cognitive Neuroscience (M.A.P.), Psychology, Edinburgh University; Alzheimer's Scotland Dementia Research Centre and Scottish Dementia Clinical Research Network (M.A.P.), Edinburgh; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (M.A.P., T.B.) and Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences (P.C., T.B.), University of Edinburgh, UK; Universidad Autónoma del Caribe (M.A.P., A.I.), Barranquilla, Colombia; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) (S.B., F.M., A.I.); Institute of Translational and Cognitive Neuroscience (INCYT) (S.B., F.M., A.I.), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Psicología (S.B.) Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia; Department of Cognitive Neurology and Neuropsychology (R.A.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas "Raúl Carrea" (FLENI) (R.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de la Costa (CUC) (R.A.), Barranquilla, Colombia; Department of Neurology (R.N.), University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil; Group of Neuroscience (F.L.), University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (A.S.); Physiopathology Department, ICBM, and East Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Medicine (A.S.), and Center for Advanced Research in Education (CIAE) (A.S.), University of Chile; Cognitive Neurology and Dementia, Neurology Department (A.S.), Hospital del Salvador; Neurology Department, Clínica Alemana (A.S.), Santiago, Chile; Research Unit, Peruvian Institute of Neurosciences (N.C., D.L.) and Unit Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Prevention (N.C., D.L.), Lima, Peru; Brain and Mind Centre & School of Psychology (O.P., F.K.), Faculty of Science, University of Sydney; ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders (O.P., F.K., F.M., A.I.), Sydney, Australia; Fraunhofer Chile (O.P., P.C.), Santiago; and Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology (D.H., A.I.), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile.
David LiraFrom the School of Life Sciences (M.A.P.), Psychology, University Heriot-Watt; Human Cognitive Neuroscience (M.A.P.), Psychology, Edinburgh University; Alzheimer's Scotland Dementia Research Centre and Scottish Dementia Clinical Research Network (M.A.P.), Edinburgh; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (M.A.P., T.B.) and Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences (P.C., T.B.), University of Edinburgh, UK; Universidad Autónoma del Caribe (M.A.P., A.I.), Barranquilla, Colombia; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) (S.B., F.M., A.I.); Institute of Translational and Cognitive Neuroscience (INCYT) (S.B., F.M., A.I.), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Psicología (S.B.) Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia; Department of Cognitive Neurology and Neuropsychology (R.A.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas "Raúl Carrea" (FLENI) (R.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de la Costa (CUC) (R.A.), Barranquilla, Colombia; Department of Neurology (R.N.), University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil; Group of Neuroscience (F.L.), University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (A.S.); Physiopathology Department, ICBM, and East Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Medicine (A.S.), and Center for Advanced Research in Education (CIAE) (A.S.), University of Chile; Cognitive Neurology and Dementia, Neurology Department (A.S.), Hospital del Salvador; Neurology Department, Clínica Alemana (A.S.), Santiago, Chile; Research Unit, Peruvian Institute of Neurosciences (N.C., D.L.) and Unit Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Prevention (N.C., D.L.), Lima, Peru; Brain and Mind Centre & School of Psychology (O.P., F.K.), Faculty of Science, University of Sydney; ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders (O.P., F.K., F.M., A.I.), Sydney, Australia; Fraunhofer Chile (O.P., P.C.), Santiago; and Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology (D.H., A.I.), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile.
Olivier PiguetFrom the School of Life Sciences (M.A.P.), Psychology, University Heriot-Watt; Human Cognitive Neuroscience (M.A.P.), Psychology, Edinburgh University; Alzheimer's Scotland Dementia Research Centre and Scottish Dementia Clinical Research Network (M.A.P.), Edinburgh; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (M.A.P., T.B.) and Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences (P.C., T.B.), University of Edinburgh, UK; Universidad Autónoma del Caribe (M.A.P., A.I.), Barranquilla, Colombia; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) (S.B., F.M., A.I.); Institute of Translational and Cognitive Neuroscience (INCYT) (S.B., F.M., A.I.), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Psicología (S.B.) Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia; Department of Cognitive Neurology and Neuropsychology (R.A.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas "Raúl Carrea" (FLENI) (R.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de la Costa (CUC) (R.A.), Barranquilla, Colombia; Department of Neurology (R.N.), University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil; Group of Neuroscience (F.L.), University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (A.S.); Physiopathology Department, ICBM, and East Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Medicine (A.S.), and Center for Advanced Research in Education (CIAE) (A.S.), University of Chile; Cognitive Neurology and Dementia, Neurology Department (A.S.), Hospital del Salvador; Neurology Department, Clínica Alemana (A.S.), Santiago, Chile; Research Unit, Peruvian Institute of Neurosciences (N.C., D.L.) and Unit Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Prevention (N.C., D.L.), Lima, Peru; Brain and Mind Centre & School of Psychology (O.P., F.K.), Faculty of Science, University of Sydney; ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders (O.P., F.K., F.M., A.I.), Sydney, Australia; Fraunhofer Chile (O.P., P.C.), Santiago; and Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology (D.H., A.I.), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile.
Fiona KumforFrom the School of Life Sciences (M.A.P.), Psychology, University Heriot-Watt; Human Cognitive Neuroscience (M.A.P.), Psychology, Edinburgh University; Alzheimer's Scotland Dementia Research Centre and Scottish Dementia Clinical Research Network (M.A.P.), Edinburgh; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (M.A.P., T.B.) and Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences (P.C., T.B.), University of Edinburgh, UK; Universidad Autónoma del Caribe (M.A.P., A.I.), Barranquilla, Colombia; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) (S.B., F.M., A.I.); Institute of Translational and Cognitive Neuroscience (INCYT) (S.B., F.M., A.I.), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Psicología (S.B.) Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia; Department of Cognitive Neurology and Neuropsychology (R.A.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas "Raúl Carrea" (FLENI) (R.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de la Costa (CUC) (R.A.), Barranquilla, Colombia; Department of Neurology (R.N.), University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil; Group of Neuroscience (F.L.), University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (A.S.); Physiopathology Department, ICBM, and East Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Medicine (A.S.), and Center for Advanced Research in Education (CIAE) (A.S.), University of Chile; Cognitive Neurology and Dementia, Neurology Department (A.S.), Hospital del Salvador; Neurology Department, Clínica Alemana (A.S.), Santiago, Chile; Research Unit, Peruvian Institute of Neurosciences (N.C., D.L.) and Unit Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Prevention (N.C., D.L.), Lima, Peru; Brain and Mind Centre & School of Psychology (O.P., F.K.), Faculty of Science, University of Sydney; ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders (O.P., F.K., F.M., A.I.), Sydney, Australia; Fraunhofer Chile (O.P., P.C.), Santiago; and Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology (D.H., A.I.), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile.
David HuepeFrom the School of Life Sciences (M.A.P.), Psychology, University Heriot-Watt; Human Cognitive Neuroscience (M.A.P.), Psychology, Edinburgh University; Alzheimer's Scotland Dementia Research Centre and Scottish Dementia Clinical Research Network (M.A.P.), Edinburgh; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (M.A.P., T.B.) and Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences (P.C., T.B.), University of Edinburgh, UK; Universidad Autónoma del Caribe (M.A.P., A.I.), Barranquilla, Colombia; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) (S.B., F.M., A.I.); Institute of Translational and Cognitive Neuroscience (INCYT) (S.B., F.M., A.I.), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Psicología (S.B.) Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia; Department of Cognitive Neurology and Neuropsychology (R.A.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas "Raúl Carrea" (FLENI) (R.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de la Costa (CUC) (R.A.), Barranquilla, Colombia; Department of Neurology (R.N.), University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil; Group of Neuroscience (F.L.), University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (A.S.); Physiopathology Department, ICBM, and East Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Medicine (A.S.), and Center for Advanced Research in Education (CIAE) (A.S.), University of Chile; Cognitive Neurology and Dementia, Neurology Department (A.S.), Hospital del Salvador; Neurology Department, Clínica Alemana (A.S.), Santiago, Chile; Research Unit, Peruvian Institute of Neurosciences (N.C., D.L.) and Unit Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Prevention (N.C., D.L.), Lima, Peru; Brain and Mind Centre & School of Psychology (O.P., F.K.), Faculty of Science, University of Sydney; ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders (O.P., F.K., F.M., A.I.), Sydney, Australia; Fraunhofer Chile (O.P., P.C.), Santiago; and Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology (D.H., A.I.), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile.
Patricia CogramFrom the School of Life Sciences (M.A.P.), Psychology, University Heriot-Watt; Human Cognitive Neuroscience (M.A.P.), Psychology, Edinburgh University; Alzheimer's Scotland Dementia Research Centre and Scottish Dementia Clinical Research Network (M.A.P.), Edinburgh; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (M.A.P., T.B.) and Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences (P.C., T.B.), University of Edinburgh, UK; Universidad Autónoma del Caribe (M.A.P., A.I.), Barranquilla, Colombia; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) (S.B., F.M., A.I.); Institute of Translational and Cognitive Neuroscience (INCYT) (S.B., F.M., A.I.), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Psicología (S.B.) Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia; Department of Cognitive Neurology and Neuropsychology (R.A.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas "Raúl Carrea" (FLENI) (R.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de la Costa (CUC) (R.A.), Barranquilla, Colombia; Department of Neurology (R.N.), University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil; Group of Neuroscience (F.L.), University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (A.S.); Physiopathology Department, ICBM, and East Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Medicine (A.S.), and Center for Advanced Research in Education (CIAE) (A.S.), University of Chile; Cognitive Neurology and Dementia, Neurology Department (A.S.), Hospital del Salvador; Neurology Department, Clínica Alemana (A.S.), Santiago, Chile; Research Unit, Peruvian Institute of Neurosciences (N.C., D.L.) and Unit Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Prevention (N.C., D.L.), Lima, Peru; Brain and Mind Centre & School of Psychology (O.P., F.K.), Faculty of Science, University of Sydney; ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders (O.P., F.K., F.M., A.I.), Sydney, Australia; Fraunhofer Chile (O.P., P.C.), Santiago; and Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology (D.H., A.I.), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile.
Thomas BakFrom the School of Life Sciences (M.A.P.), Psychology, University Heriot-Watt; Human Cognitive Neuroscience (M.A.P.), Psychology, Edinburgh University; Alzheimer's Scotland Dementia Research Centre and Scottish Dementia Clinical Research Network (M.A.P.), Edinburgh; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (M.A.P., T.B.) and Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences (P.C., T.B.), University of Edinburgh, UK; Universidad Autónoma del Caribe (M.A.P., A.I.), Barranquilla, Colombia; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) (S.B., F.M., A.I.); Institute of Translational and Cognitive Neuroscience (INCYT) (S.B., F.M., A.I.), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Psicología (S.B.) Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia; Department of Cognitive Neurology and Neuropsychology (R.A.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas "Raúl Carrea" (FLENI) (R.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de la Costa (CUC) (R.A.), Barranquilla, Colombia; Department of Neurology (R.N.), University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil; Group of Neuroscience (F.L.), University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (A.S.); Physiopathology Department, ICBM, and East Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Medicine (A.S.), and Center for Advanced Research in Education (CIAE) (A.S.), University of Chile; Cognitive Neurology and Dementia, Neurology Department (A.S.), Hospital del Salvador; Neurology Department, Clínica Alemana (A.S.), Santiago, Chile; Research Unit, Peruvian Institute of Neurosciences (N.C., D.L.) and Unit Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Prevention (N.C., D.L.), Lima, Peru; Brain and Mind Centre & School of Psychology (O.P., F.K.), Faculty of Science, University of Sydney; ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders (O.P., F.K., F.M., A.I.), Sydney, Australia; Fraunhofer Chile (O.P., P.C.), Santiago; and Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology (D.H., A.I.), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile.
Facundo ManesFrom the School of Life Sciences (M.A.P.), Psychology, University Heriot-Watt; Human Cognitive Neuroscience (M.A.P.), Psychology, Edinburgh University; Alzheimer's Scotland Dementia Research Centre and Scottish Dementia Clinical Research Network (M.A.P.), Edinburgh; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (M.A.P., T.B.) and Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences (P.C., T.B.), University of Edinburgh, UK; Universidad Autónoma del Caribe (M.A.P., A.I.), Barranquilla, Colombia; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) (S.B., F.M., A.I.); Institute of Translational and Cognitive Neuroscience (INCYT) (S.B., F.M., A.I.), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Psicología (S.B.) Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia; Department of Cognitive Neurology and Neuropsychology (R.A.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas "Raúl Carrea" (FLENI) (R.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de la Costa (CUC) (R.A.), Barranquilla, Colombia; Department of Neurology (R.N.), University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil; Group of Neuroscience (F.L.), University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (A.S.); Physiopathology Department, ICBM, and East Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Medicine (A.S.), and Center for Advanced Research in Education (CIAE) (A.S.), University of Chile; Cognitive Neurology and Dementia, Neurology Department (A.S.), Hospital del Salvador; Neurology Department, Clínica Alemana (A.S.), Santiago, Chile; Research Unit, Peruvian Institute of Neurosciences (N.C., D.L.) and Unit Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Prevention (N.C., D.L.), Lima, Peru; Brain and Mind Centre & School of Psychology (O.P., F.K.), Faculty of Science, University of Sydney; ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders (O.P., F.K., F.M., A.I.), Sydney, Australia; Fraunhofer Chile (O.P., P.C.), Santiago; and Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology (D.H., A.I.), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile.
Agustin IbanezFrom the School of Life Sciences (M.A.P.), Psychology, University Heriot-Watt; Human Cognitive Neuroscience (M.A.P.), Psychology, Edinburgh University; Alzheimer's Scotland Dementia Research Centre and Scottish Dementia Clinical Research Network (M.A.P.), Edinburgh; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (M.A.P., T.B.) and Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences (P.C., T.B.), University of Edinburgh, UK; Universidad Autónoma del Caribe (M.A.P., A.I.), Barranquilla, Colombia; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) (S.B., F.M., A.I.); Institute of Translational and Cognitive Neuroscience (INCYT) (S.B., F.M., A.I.), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Psicología (S.B.) Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia; Department of Cognitive Neurology and Neuropsychology (R.A.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas "Raúl Carrea" (FLENI) (R.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de la Costa (CUC) (R.A.), Barranquilla, Colombia; Department of Neurology (R.N.), University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil; Group of Neuroscience (F.L.), University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (A.S.); Physiopathology Department, ICBM, and East Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Medicine (A.S.), and Center for Advanced Research in Education (CIAE) (A.S.), University of Chile; Cognitive Neurology and Dementia, Neurology Department (A.S.), Hospital del Salvador; Neurology Department, Clínica Alemana (A.S.), Santiago, Chile; Research Unit, Peruvian Institute of Neurosciences (N.C., D.L.) and Unit Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Prevention (N.C., D.L.), Lima, Peru; Brain and Mind Centre & School of Psychology (O.P., F.K.), Faculty of Science, University of Sydney; ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders (O.P., F.K., F.M., A.I.), Sydney, Australia; Fraunhofer Chile (O.P., P.C.), Santiago; and Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology (D.H., A.I.), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile. aibanez@ineco.org.ar.

Funding

Medical Research Council MR/K026992/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The demographic structure of Latin American countries (LAC) is fast approaching that of developing countries, and the predicted prevalence of dementia in the former already exceeds the latter. Dementia has been declared a global challenge, yet regions around the world show differences in both the nature and magnitude of such a challenge. This article provides evidence and insights on barriers which, if overcome, would enable the harmonization of strategies to tackle the dementia challenge in LAC. First, we analyze the lack of available epidemiologic data, the need for standardizing clinical practice and improving physician training, and the existing barriers regarding resources, culture, and stigmas. We discuss how these are preventing timely care and research. Regarding specific health actions, most LAC have minimal mental health facilities and do not have specific mental health policies or budgets specific to dementia. In addition, local regulations may need to consider the regional context when developing treatment and prevention strategies. The support needed nationally and internationally to enable a smooth and timely transition of LAC to a position that integrates global strategies is highlighted. We focus on shared issues of poverty, cultural barriers, and socioeconomic vulnerability. We identify avenues for collaboration aimed to study unique populations, improve valid assessment methods, and generate opportunities for translational research, thus establishing a regional network. The issues identified here point to future specific actions aimed at tackling the dementia challenge in LAC.

Indexed as

Public HealthDementiaHumansLatin AmericaResearchSocioeconomic Factors

Identifiers

PMID29305437
PMCPMC5791795

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