ReviewBMC public health2018
Anthrax outbreaks in the humans - livestock and wildlife interface areas of Northern Tanzania: a retrospective record review 2006-2016.
Review in BMC public health, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- Investigating Bacillus anthracis genomic diversity and trait-specific lineages in an endemic area in northern Tanzania through a combination of traditional and culture-free sequencing approaches.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Risk factors for anthrax in livestock: findings from one health outbreak investigations in Bangladesh.One health outlook · 2026Article
- Awareness of anthrax disease and the knowledge of its transmission and symtoms identification: A cross sectional study among butchers in ile-ife.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- InvestigatingbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- The two costs of neglect: evaluating the health and economic impacts of anthrax in an endemic area of rural Africa.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Review
- Evaluation of the Epidemic Situation of Anthrax in Armenia Over the Last Decade.Zoonoses and public health · 2025Article
- Identification ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Global distribution of α/β hydrolase family macrolide esterases in Gram-positive bacteria.The ISME journal · 2025Article
- Time to control of anthrax outbreaks in Africa, 2014-2023: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Anthrax in Humans, Animals, and the Environment and the One Health Strategies for Anthrax Control.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- One Health intervention for elimination of anthrax in an endemic district of Odisha: A baseline and endline study.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024Article
- Article
- One Health Assessment ofMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Pillars for successful operationalization of one health as an ecosystem approach: experience from a human-animal interface in the Maasai steppe in Tanzania.One health outlook · 2023Article
- Assessment of community perceptions and risk to common zoonotic diseases among communities living at the human-livestock-wildlife interface in Nakuru West, Kenya: A participatory epidemiology approach.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Anthrax outbreak amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa: Challenges and possible solutions.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2022Article
- After-action review of rabies and anthrax outbreaks multisectoral response in Tanzania, challenges and lessons.Journal of public health in Africa · 2022Article
- Population genomics ofMicrobial genomics · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAnthrax outbreaks in Tanzania have been reported from the human, livestock and wildlife sectors over several years, and is among the notifiable diseases. Despite frequent anthrax outbreaks, there is no comprehensive dataset indicating the magnitude and distribution of the disease in susceptible species. This study is a retrospective review of anthrax outbreaks from the human, livestock, and wildlife surveillance systems from 2006 to 2016. The objectives were to identify hotspot districts, describe anthrax epidemiology in the hotspot areas, evaluate the efficiency of the anthrax response systems and identify potential areas for further observational studies.
methodsWe prepared a spreadsheet template for a retrospective comprehensive record review at different surveillance levels in Tanzania. We captured data elements including demographic characteristics of different species, the name of health facility, and date of anthrax diagnosis. Also, we collected data on the date of specimen collection, species screened, type of laboratory test, laboratory results and the outcome recorded at the end of treatment in humans. After establishing the database, we produced maps in Quantum GIS software and transferred cleaned data to Stata software for supportive statistical analysis.
resultsAnthrax reported incidences over 4 years in humans were much higher in the Arusha region (7.88/100,000) followed by Kilimanjaro region (6.64/100,000) than other regions of Tanzania Mainland. The health facility based review from hotspot districts in parts of Arusha and Kilimanjaro regions from 2006 to 2016, identified 330 human anthrax cases from the selected health facilities in the two regions. Out of 161 livestock and 57 wildlife specimen tested, 103 and 18 respectively, were positive for anthrax.
conclusionThis study revealed that there is gross under-reporting in the existing surveillance systems which is an obstacle for estimating a true burden of anthrax in the hotspot districts. Repeated occurrences of anthrax in livestock, wildlife and humans in the same locations at the same time calls for the need to strengthen links and promote inter-disciplinary and multi-sectoral collaboration to enhance prevention and control measures under a One Health approach.
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