Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29304470›Full record

ArticleVirology2018

Protein S and Gas6 induce efferocytosis of HIV-1-infected cells.

Bernadette Anne Chua, Jamie Ann Ngo, Kathy Situ, Christina M Ramirez, Haruko Nakano, Kouki Morizono

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Virology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
0.8field-weighted citation impact, top 31% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Synthetic viral RNA mimetics induce neuronal loss through microglial phagocytosis.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Dysregulation of Protein S in COVID-19.Best practice & research. Clinical haematology · 2022
    Review
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. How macrophages deal with death.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2019
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Bernadette Anne ChuaDivision of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Jamie Ann NgoDivision of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Kathy SituDivision of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Christina M RamirezDepartment of Biostatistics, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Haruko NakanoDepartment of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Kouki MorizonoDivision of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. Electronic address: koukimo@ucla.edu.
University of California, Los Angeles · USBlack AIDS Institute · US

Funding

Women's CancersP30CA016042 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI Samuel Wheeler French · 1985 to 2026
$134.5M
Virology CoreP30AI028697 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI ANTON, PETER A · 1991 to 2018
$39.9M
The roles of phosphatidylserine and its receptors in HIV replicationR01AI108400 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI MORIZONO, KOKI · 2013 to 2016
$1.4M
The role of envelope phosphatidylserine in the binding of HIV to target cellsR21AI095004 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI MORIZONO, KOKI · 2011 to 2012
$424k
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA016042NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI028697NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI108400NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI095004
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Efferocytosis, the phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells, can provide host protection against certain types of viruses by mediating phagocytic clearance of infected cells undergoing apoptosis. It is known that HIV-1 induces apoptosis and HIV-1-infected cells are efferocytosed by macrophages, although its molecular mechanisms are unknown. To elucidate the roles that efferocytosis of HIV-1-infected cells play in clearance of infected cells, we sought to identify molecules that mediate these processes. We found that protein S, present in human serum, and its homologue, Gas6, can mediate phagocytosis of HIV-1-infected cells by bridging receptor tyrosine kinase Mer, expressed on macrophages, to phosphatidylserine exposed on infected cells. Efferocytosis of live infected cells was less efficient than dead infected cells; however, a significant fraction of live infected cells were phagocytosed over 12h. Our results suggest that efferocytosis not only removes dead cells, but may also contribute to macrophage removal of live virus producing cells.

Indexed as

AnimalsGrowth Arrest-Specific Protein 6HIV-1HIV InfectionsHumansIntercellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsMacrophagesPhagocytosisProtein SGrowth Arrest-Specific Protein 6Intercellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsProtein SEfferocytosisGas6HIV-1MerPhagocytosisPhosphatidylserineProtein S

Identifiers

PMID29304470
PMCPMC5821270
OpenAlexW2781725178

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.