ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2018
Contribution of Liver Fibrosis and Microbial Translocation to Immune Activation in Persons Infected With HIV and/or Hepatitis C Virus.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Liver Fibrosis in People Living With HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Linking gut permeability to liver steatosis: Noninvasive biomarker evaluation in MASLD patients - a prospective cross-sectional study.Medicine · 2025Observational
- Microbial Translocation and Gut Damage Are Associated With an Elevated Fast Score in Women Living With and Without HIV.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- The human microbiome and gut-liver axis in people living with HIV.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2023Review
- Type I interferons and TGF-β cooperate to induce liver fibrosis during HIV-1 infection under antiretroviral therapy.JCI insight · 2022Article
- Review
- Chronic Alcohol Exposure Among People Living with HIV Is Associated with Innate Immune Activation and Alterations in Monocyte Phenotype and Plasma Cytokine Profile.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Dysregulation of IL-17/IL-22 Effector Functions in Blood and Gut Mucosal Gamma Delta T Cells Correlates With Increase in Circulating Leaky Gut and Inflammatory Markers During cART-Treated Chronic SIV Infection in Macaques.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- A theoretic approach to the mode of gut microbiome translocation in SIV-infected Asian macaques.FEMS microbiology ecology · 2020Article
- Daily variations of gut microbial translocation markers in ART-treated HIV-infected people.AIDS research and therapy · 2020Article
- The Pathogenesis of Liver Disease in People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: The Emerging Role of the Microbiome.Clinical liver disease · 2020Review
- HIV and the liver.Topics in antiviral medicine · 2019Article
- High Kynurenine:Tryptophan Ratio Is Associated With Liver Fibrosis in HIV-Monoinfected and HIV/Hepatitis C Virus-Coinfected Women.Open forum infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Effect of a Multistrain Probiotic on Cognitive Function and Risk of Falls in Patients With Cirrhosis: A Randomized Trial.Hepatology communications · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Background: The independent contributions of microbial translocation and liver fibrosis to immune activation in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected persons are unclear. Methods: Multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate whether intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP: a marker of gut epithelial integrity) and transient elastography-measured liver fibrosis might mediate the association of HIV and HCV with the soluble CD14 (sCD14) level in 120 individuals with HIV and HCV coinfection, 262 with HIV monoinfection, 72 with HCV monoinfection, and 170 without infection. Results: Coinfected individuals, HIV-monoinfected individuals, and HCV-monoinfected individuals had 37%, 21%, and 12% higher sCD14 levels, respectively, than uninfected individuals, after multivariable adjustment. Additional adjustment for I-FABP level modestly attenuated the association of HIV infection, but attenuation occurred to a lesser extent in the HCV-monoinfected group. Adjustment for liver fibrosis substantially attenuated the association of HCV infection, but attenuation occurred to a lesser extent in the HIV-monoinfected group. Relative to the uninfected group, the primary mediator of the sCD14 level was the I-FABP level in the HIV-infected groups and liver fibrosis in the HCV-monoinfected group. Conclusion: HIV and HCV are independently and additively associated with higher a sCD14 level. Our findings suggest that microbial translocation contributes to an increased sCD14 level during HIV infection, whereas liver fibrosis plays a stronger role during HCV monoinfection. Coinfected persons may be at greatest risk for progression, because of the independent effects of microbial translocation and liver fibrosis on immune activation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.