Observational studyPloS one2018
Incidence and antibiotic prescribing for clinically diagnosed urinary tract infection in older adults in UK primary care, 2004-2014.
Observational study in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Materials-based incidence of urinary catheter associated urinary tract infections and the causative micro-organisms: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC urology · 2024Pooled it
- Experiences among men with localised urinary tract infection in primary care: a qualitative study.Scandinavian journal of primary health care · 2026Article
- Diagnosis of urinary tract infection in the emergency department - a real infection or an alarming indication for comprehensive geriatric assessment? A retrospective follow-up study.The Journal of frailty & aging · 2026Article
- Update to the management of recurrent urinary tract infections in women aged 16 years and older.Drug and therapeutics bulletin · 2026Review
- Vaginal Estrogen for Urinary Tract Infection Prevention: A Narrative Review of Evidence, Guidelines, and Regulatory Gaps.Gynecologic and obstetric investigation · 2026Review
- An observational diagnostic accuracy study comparing the urine dipstick with a consensus-based reference standard for the diagnosis of urinary tract infections in older adults.BMC geriatrics · 2026Observational
- [Epidemiological and clinical management aspects related to urinary tract infections diagnosed in the emergency department in elderly patients in Spain: Results of the EDEN-36 study].Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2025Article
- Global burden of urinary tract infections in older women from 1990 to 2021 with projections to 2040: a trend analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- 'Male cystitis does not exist': A qualitative study of general practitioners' experiences and management of male urinary tract infections in France.The European journal of general practice · 2024Article
- Article
- The impact of theory-based education on promoting urinary tract infection prevention behaviours among elderly diabetic women - experimental study.Przeglad menopauzalny = Menopause review · 2024Article
- Prevalence and Antimicrobial Sensitivity Patterns of Uropathogens in Wad Medani, Sudan: A Three Years, Cross-Sectional Study.Infection and drug resistance · 2024Article
- Prevalence and antibiotic resistance profile of UTI-causing uropathogenic bacteria in diabetics and non-diabetics at the Maternity and Children Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Investigating the impact of an online hydration intervention in care homes using the COM-B model: a mixed methods study.BMC geriatrics · 2023Article
- Urinary Tract Infections in Men in Primary Care in Catalonia, Spain.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Responding to Urinary Tract Infection Symptoms in England's Community Pharmacies.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Clinical Risk Scores to Predict Nonsusceptibility to Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole, Fluoroquinolone, Nitrofurantoin, and Third-Generation Cephalosporin Among Adult Outpatient Episodes of Complicated Urinary Tract Infection.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Impact of Menopausal Status and Recurrent UTIs on Symptoms, Severity, and Daily Life: Findings from an Online Survey of Women Reporting a Recent UTI.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Current Pyuria Cutoffs Promote Inappropriate Urinary Tract Infection Diagnosis in Older Women.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- Uropathogens' Antibiotic Resistance Evolution in a Female Population: A Sequential Multi-Year Comparative Analysis.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTI) are an important cause of morbidity and antibiotic use in older adults but there are little data describing disease burden in primary care. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of clinically diagnosed UTI and examine associated empirical antibiotic prescribing. We conducted a retrospective observational study using linked health records from almost one million patients aged ≥65 years old, registered with 393 primary care practices in England. We estimated incidence of clinically diagnosed UTI between March 2004 and April 2014, and used multilevel logistic regression to examine trends in empiric antibiotic prescribing. Of 931,945 older adults, 196,358 (21%) had at least one clinically diagnosed UTI over the study period. In men, the incidence of clinically diagnosed UTI per 100 person-years at risk increased from 2.81 to 3.05 in those aged 65-74, 5.90 to 6.13 in those aged 75-84, and 8.08 to 10.54 in those aged 85+. In women, incidence increased from 9.03 to 10.96 in those aged 65-74, 11.35 to 14.34 in those aged 75-84, and 14.65 to 19.80 in those aged 85+. Prescribing of broad-spectrum antibiotics decreased over the study period. There were increases in the proportion of older men (from 45% to 74%) and women (from 55% to 82%) with UTI, prescribed a UTI specific antibiotic. There were also increases in the proportion of older men (42% to 69%) and women (15% to 26%) prescribed antibiotics for durations recommended by clinical guidelines. This is the first population-based study describing the burden of UTI in UK primary care. Our findings suggest a need to better understand reasons for increasing rates of clinically diagnosed UTI and consider how best to address this important clinical problem.
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