ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2018
Community Engaged Cumulative Risk Assessment of Exposure to Inorganic Well Water Contaminants, Crow Reservation, Montana.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- [Environmental risks and health literacy: a systematic review].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2024Pooled it
- Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Implementation: How the Amended Law Has Failed to Protect Vulnerable Populations from Toxic Chemicals in the United States.Environmental science & technology · 2022Pooled it
- Behavioral determinants of arsenic-safe water use among Great Plains Indian Nation private well users: results from the Community-Led Strong Heart Water Study Arsenic Mitigation Program.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2023Trial
- Potential Exposure Characteristics and Self-Reported Symptom Burden in a Romanian Region with Heterogeneous Arsenic-Related Drinking-Water Risk.Journal of xenobiotics · 2026Article
- Mapping the Landscape of Environmental Health Literacy: Trends, Gaps, and Future Directions.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Review
- Environmental Health Literacy of Brazilian Indigenous People.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Study of the Trace Element Composition of Drinking Water in Almaty City and Human Health Risk Assessment.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Trace Element Composition of Surface Water in Almaty City and Human Health Risk Assessment.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- High early mortality following percutaneous nephrostomy in metastatic cancer: a national analysis of outcomes.BMJ supportive & palliative care · 2024Article
- Health Literacy and Environmental Risks Focusing Air Pollution: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study in Germany.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Methods in Public Health Environmental Justice Research: a Scoping Review from 2018 to 2021.Current environmental health reports · 2023Article
- A Current Review of Water Pollutants in American Continent: Trends and Perspectives in Detection, Health Risks, and Treatment Technologies.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Review
- Addressing systemic problems with exposure assessments to protect the public's health.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2023Review
- Knowledge and Beliefs Associated with Environmental Health Literacy: A Case Study Focused on Toxic Metals Contamination of Well Water.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- The widespread and unjust drinking water and clean water crisis in the United States.Nature communications · 2021Article
- Our Relationship to Water and Experience of Water Insecurity among Apsáalooke (Crow Indian) People, Montana.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Differential response of human T-lymphocytes to arsenic and uranium.Toxicology letters · 2020Article
- Guardians of the Living Water: Using a Health Literacy Framework to Evaluate a Child as Change Agent Intervention.Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education · 2019Article
- Metagenomic Profiling of Microbial Pathogens in the Little Bighorn River, Montana.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Challenges and Opportunities for Tribal Waters: Addressing Disparities in Safe Public Drinking Water on the Crow Reservation in Montana, USA.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
An estimated 11 million people in the US have home wells with unsafe levels of hazardous metals and nitrate. The national scope of the health risk from consuming this water has not been assessed as home wells are largely unregulated and data on well water treatment and consumption are lacking. Here, we assessed health risks from consumption of contaminated well water on the Crow Reservation by conducting a community-engaged, cumulative risk assessment. Well water testing, surveys and interviews were used to collect data on contaminant concentrations, water treatment methods, well water consumption, and well and septic system protection and maintenance practices. Additive Hazard Index calculations show that the water in more than 39% of wells is unsafe due to uranium, manganese, nitrate, zinc and/or arsenic. Most families' financial resources are limited, and 95% of participants do not employ water treatment technologies. Despite widespread high total dissolved solids, poor taste and odor, 80% of families consume their well water. Lack of environmental health literacy about well water safety, pre-existing health conditions and limited environmental enforcement also contribute to vulnerability. Ensuring access to safe drinking water and providing accompanying education are urgent public health priorities for Crow and other rural US families with low environmental health literacy and limited financial resources.
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Registered trials
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