ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2018
Alcohol Use and HIV Disease Progression in an Antiretroviral Naive Cohort.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and epidemiological distribution of substance use among people living with HIV in the East African region: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Factors associated with phosphatidylethanol (PEth) sensitivity for detecting unhealthy alcohol use: An individual patient data meta-analysis.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2021Pooled it
- The prevalence and factors associated with alcohol use disorder among people living with HIV/AIDS in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2020Pooled it
- Effect of a brief alcohol counselling intervention on HIV viral suppression and alcohol use among persons with HIV and unhealthy alcohol use in Uganda and Kenya: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2023Trial
- Association Between Alcohol Use, CD4 Count, and Depressive Symptoms Among People with HIV with Viral Load Suppressed in Southwestern Uganda.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Article
- Prevalence, patterns, and associated factors of psychoactive substance use among people living with HIV in Lomé, Togo : a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Alcohol interventions for persons with HIV: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials using phosphatidylethanol and self-report.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Testing a systematically braided alcohol reduction and HIV status neutral intervention among people receiving STI care in Malawi: study protocol for a pilot hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Using Phosphatidylethanol as an Adjunct to Self-Reported Alcohol Use Improves Identification of Liver Fibrosis Risk.The American journal of gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Provider perceptions of young people living with HIV and unhealthy alcohol use in Southwestern Uganda: a qualitative study.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2024Article
- Alcohol Consumption Among Persons Living with HIV: Perceptions, Messages and Interventions-A Qualitative Study at an HIV Treatment Clinic in South Western Uganda.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
- Effects of Maternal HIV Infection and Alcohol Use in Pregnancy on Birth Outcomes in Uganda.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
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- Article
- Impact of alcohol use disorder severity on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral suppression and CD4 count in three international cohorts of people with HIV.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2023Article
- Article
- Digital Health Screening in People With HIV in Uganda to Increase Alcohol Use Reporting: Qualitative Study on the Development and Testing of the Self-administered Digital Screener for Health.JMIR formative research · 2022Article
- Exploring the Association Between Social Support and Hazardous Alcohol Use Among Persons Living with HIV in South Western Uganda.AIDS and behavior · 2022Article
- Comparison of automated determination of phosphatidylethanol (PEth) in dried blood spots (DBS) with previous manual processing and testing.Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlcohol use has been shown to accelerate disease progression in experimental studies of simian immunodeficiency virus in macaques, but the results in observational studies of HIV have been conflicting.
methodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study of the impact of unhealthy alcohol use on CD4 cell count among HIV-infected persons in southwestern Uganda not yet eligible for antiretroviral treatment (ART). Unhealthy alcohol consumption was 3-month Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption positive (≥3 for women, ≥4 for men) and/or phosphatidylethanol (PEth-an alcohol biomarker) ≥50 ng/mL, modeled as a time-dependent variable in a linear mixed effects model of CD4 count.
resultsAt baseline, 43% of the 446 participants were drinking at unhealthy levels and the median CD4 cell count was 550 cells/mm (interquartile range 416-685). The estimated CD4 cell count decline per year was -14.5 cells/mm (95% confidence interval: -38.6 to 9.5) for unhealthy drinking vs. -24.0 cells/mm (95% confidence interval: -43.6 to -4.5) for refraining from unhealthy drinking, with no significant difference in decline by unhealthy alcohol use (P value 0.54), adjusting for age, sex, religion, time since HIV diagnosis, and HIV viral load. Additional analyses exploring alternative alcohol measures, participant subgroups, and time-dependent confounding yielded similar findings.
conclusionUnhealthy alcohol use had no apparent impact on the short-term rate of CD4 count decline among HIV-infected ART naive individuals in Uganda, using biological markers to augment self-report and examining disease progression before ART initiation to avoid unmeasured confounding because of misclassification of ART adherence.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.