ArticleJournal of neuro-oncology2018
Analysis of immunobiologic markers in primary and recurrent glioblastoma.
Article in Journal of neuro-oncology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04284306 (Immunohistochemical Assessment of Programmed Death Ligand 1 PDL-1 and Autophagy Marker LC3B in Glioblastoma), which is not on this map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Immunohistochemical Assessment of Programmed Death Ligand 1 PDL-1 and Autophagy Marker LC3B in Glioblastoma
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Congress of neurological surgeons systematic review and evidence-based guidelines update on the role of neuropathology in the management of progressive glioblastoma in adults.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Advances and challenges in glioblastoma immunotherapy: a meta-analysis of immune checkpoint inhibitors.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Integrated biomarker mapping reveals differential expression of senescence profiles in IDH-wild-type glioblastoma recurrent versus primary tumors.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2026Article
- Going viral: targeting glioblastoma using oncolytic viruses.Immunotherapy advances · 2025Review
- Unveiling the Inflammatory Landscape of Recurrent Glioblastoma through Histological-Based Assessments.Cancers · 2024Review
- Glioma-Immune Cell Crosstalk in Tumor Progression.Cancers · 2024Review
- The need for paradigm shift: prognostic significance and implications of standard therapy-related systemic immunosuppression in glioblastoma for immunotherapy and oncolytic virotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Glioblastoma with high O6-methyl-guanine DNA methyltransferase expression are more immunologically active than tumors with lowFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Review
- Cell signaling activation and extracellular matrix remodeling underpin glioma tumor microenvironment heterogeneity and organization.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2023Article
- Recent advances and future challenges of tumor vaccination therapy for recurrent glioblastoma.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2023Review
- The diversity and dynamics of tumor-associated macrophages in recurrent glioblastoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Advances in the Immunotherapeutic Potential of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mutations in Glioma.Neuroscience bulletin · 2022Review
- Comparison of tumor immune environment between newly diagnosed and recurrent glioblastoma including matched patients.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2022Article
- Comparison of Immune Checkpoint MoleculesBrain sciences · 2022Article
- Article
- CD70 as an actionable immunotherapeutic target in recurrent glioblastoma and its microenvironment.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2022Article
- Peritumor Edema Serves as an Independent Predictive Factor of Recurrence Patterns and Recurrence-Free Survival for High-Grade Glioma.Computational and mathematical methods in medicine · 2022Article
- Mutant IDH1 promotes phagocytic function of microglia/macrophages in gliomas by downregulating ICAM1.Cancer letters · 2021Article
- Toward precision immunotherapy using multiplex immunohistochemistry and in silico methods to define the tumor immune microenvironment.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) generates a varied immune response and understanding the immune microenvironment may lead to novel immunotherapy treatments modalities. The goal of this study was to evaluate the expression of immunologic markers of potential clinical significance in primary versus recurrent GBM and assess the relationship between these markers and molecular characteristics of GBM. Human GBM samples were evaluated and analyzed with immunohistochemistry for multiple immunobiologic markers (CD3, CD8, FoxP3, CD68, CD163, PD1, PDL1, CTLA4, CD70). Immunoreactivity was analyzed using Aperio software. Degree of strong positive immunoreactivity within the tumor was compared to patient and tumor characteristics including age, gender, MGMT promoter methylation status, and ATRX, p53, and IDH1 mutation status. Additionally, the TCGA database was used to perform similar analysis of these factors in GBM using RNA-seq by expectation-maximization. Using odds ratios, IDH1 mutated GBM had statistically significant decreased expression of CD163 and CD70 and a trend for decreased PD1, CTLA4, and Foxp3. ATRX-mutated GBMs exhibited statistically significant increased CD3 immunoreactivity, while those with p53 mutations were found to have significantly increased CTLA4 immunoreactivity. The odds of having strong CD8 and CD68 reactivity was significantly less in MGMT methylated tumors. No significant difference was identified in any immune marker between the primary and recurrent GBM, nor was a significant change in immunoreactivity identified among age intervals. TCGA analysis corroborated findings related to the differential immune profile of IDH1 mutant, p53 mutant, and MGMT unmethylated tumors. Immunobiologic markers have greater association with the molecular characteristics of the tumor than with primary/recurrent status or age.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.