ArticleSSM - population health2017
The health benefits of secondary education in adolescents and young adults: An international analysis in 186 low-, middle- and high-income countries from 1990 to 2013.
Article in SSM - population health, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
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- School attendance and sexual and reproductive health outcomes among adolescent girls in Kenya: a cross-sectional analysis.Reproductive health · 2023Article
- Associations between dimensions of empowerment and nutritional status among married adolescent girls in East Africa: a structural equation modelling study.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Prevalence and determinants of adolescent childbearing: comparative analysis of 2017-18 and 2014 Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Determining HIV risk for Adolescent Girls and Young Women (AGYW) in relationships with "Blessers" and age-disparate partners: a cross-sectional survey in four districts in South Africa.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Improving health and social systems for all children in LMICs: structural innovations to deliver high-quality services.Lancet (London, England) · 2022Review
- HIV incidence and associated risk factors in adolescent girls and young women in South Africa: A population-based cohort study.PloS one · 2022Article
- Climate Solutions Double as Health Interventions.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Review
- Global, regional, and national mortality among young people aged 10-24 years, 1950-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.Lancet (London, England) · 2021Article
- Health indicators on adolescents reveal disparity and inequality on regional and national levels.BMC public health · 2021Article
- The association of education in a new society and social support from the education with the health of North Korean defectors: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Are out-of-school adolescents at higher risk of adverse health outcomes? Evidence from 9 diverse settings in sub-Saharan Africa.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2020Article
- Unique contribution of education to behavioral and psychosocial antecedents of health in a national sample of African Americans.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2019Article
- Annual Research Review: Educational neuroscience: progress and prospects.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2019Review
- Who is sexually active? Using a multi-component sexual activity profile (MSAP) to explore, identify and describe sexually-active high-school students in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.BMC public health · 2019Article
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6 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThe health benefits of secondary education have been little studied. We undertook country-level longitudinal analyses of the impact of lengthening secondary education on health outcomes amongst 15-24 year olds.
methodsExposures: average length of secondary and primary education from 1980 to 2013.Data/Outcomes: Country level adolescent fertility rate (AFR), HIV prevalence and mortality rate from 1989/90 to 2013 across 186 low-, middle- and high-income countries.Analysis: Longitudinal mixed effects models, entering secondary and primary education together, adjusted for time varying GDP and country income status. Longitudinal structural marginal models using inverse probability weighting (IPW) to take account of time varying confounding by primary education and GDP. Counterfactual scenarios of no change in secondary education since 1980/1990 were estimated from model coefficients for each outcome.
findingsEach additional year of secondary education decreased AFR by 8.4% in mixed effects models and 14.6% in IPW models independent of primary education and GDP. Counterfactual analyses showed the proportion of the reduction in adolescent fertility rate over the study period independently attributable to secondary education was 28% in low income countries. Each additional year of secondary education reduced mortality by 16.9% for 15-19 year and 14.8% for 20-24 year old young women and 11.4% for 15-19 year and 8.8% for 20-24 year old young men. Counterfactual scenarios suggested 12% and 23% of the mortality reduction for 15-19 and 20-24 year old young men was attributable to secondary education in low income countries. Each additional year of secondary education was associated with a 24.5% and 43.1% reduction in HIV prevalence amongst young men and women.
interpretationThe health benefits associated with secondary education were greater than those of primary education and were greatest amongst young women and those from low income countries. Secondary education has the potential to be a social vaccine across many outcomes in low and middle income countries.
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