ArticleJournal of global health2017
Association between internalized stigma and depression among HIV-positive persons entering into care in Southern India.
Article in Journal of global health, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Psychosocial Mechanisms Linking Intersecting Stigmas and Condomless Anal Sex Among Transgender Women in India.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Article
- Coping strategies for depression among HIV-positive women in Gondar town health facilities, Northwest, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study.International journal of mental health systems · 2025Article
- Magnitude of Depression and Associated Factors in Women Living With HIV in Northwest, Ethiopia: Mediation Analysis.AIDS research and treatment · 2025Article
- Self-perceived stigma in people living with HIV in Spain: a mixed-methods study.Le infezioni in medicina · 2025Article
- Sex differences in cognitive function among people with HIV-1 clade C infection in Northern India.Journal of neurovirology · 2023Article
- Perceived social support and depression among people living with HIV in China: roles of stigma and adherence self-efficacy.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Association between Internalized Stigma and Depression among People Living with HIV in Thailand.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Stigma, Social Support, Illicit Drug Use, and Other Predictors of Anxiety and Depression Among HIV/AIDS Patients in Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study.Frontiers in public health · 2021Article
- The Mediating Role of Internalized Stigma and Shame on the Relationship between COVID-19 Related Discrimination and Mental Health Outcomes among Back-to-School Students in Wuhan.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Relative Measures of Association for Binary Outcomes: Challenges and Recommendations for the Global Health Researcher.Annals of global health · 2019Article
- Depression, social support, and stigma as predictors of quality of life over time: results from an Asha-based HIV/AIDS intervention in India.AIDS care · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn India, which has the third largest HIV epidemic in the world, depression and HIV-related stigma may contribute to high rates of poor HIV-related outcomes such as loss to care and lack of virologic suppression.
methodsWe analyzed data from a large HIV treatment center in southern India to estimate the burden of depressive symptoms and internalized stigma among Indian people living with HIV (PLHIV) entering into HIV care and to test the hypothesis that probable depression was associated with internalized stigma. We fitted modified Poisson regression models, adjusted for sociodemographic variables, with probable depression (PHQ-9 score ≥10 or recent suicidal thoughts) as the outcome variable and the Internalized AIDS-Related Stigma Scale (IARSS) score as the explanatory variable.
findings521 persons (304 men and 217 women) entering into HIV care between January 2015 and May 2016 were included in the analyses. The prevalence of probable depression was 10% and the mean IARSS score was 2.4 (out of 6), with 82% of participants endorsing at least one item on the IARSS. There was a nearly two times higher risk of probable depression for every additional point on the IARSS score (Adjusted Risk Ratio: 1.83; 95% confidence interval, 1.56-2.14).
conclusionsDepression and internalized stigma are highly correlated among PLHIV entering into HIV care in southern India and may provide targets for policymakers seeking to improve HIV-related outcomes in India.
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