Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29301789›Full record

GuidelineArteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology2018

Consideration of Sex Differences in Design and Reporting of Experimental Arterial Pathology Studies-Statement From ATVB Council.

Peggy Robinet, Dianna M Milewicz, Lisa A Cassis, Nicholas J Leeper, Hong S Lu, Jonathan D Smith

Abstract readGuidelineReview
In one paragraph

Guideline in Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 180 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
180citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

180 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  7. Myeloid-SpecificbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
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  8. Review
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  10. Lack of endothelial estrogen receptor alpha signaling exacerbates abdominal aortic aneurysm in male mice.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2026
    Article
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  12. Aging-AssociatedJournal of the American Heart Association · 2026
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120 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Peggy RobinetFrom the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (P.R., J.D.S.); Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (D.M.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (L.A.C.) and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology (H.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, CA (N.J.L.).
Dianna M MilewiczFrom the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (P.R., J.D.S.); Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (D.M.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (L.A.C.) and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology (H.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, CA (N.J.L.).
Lisa A CassisFrom the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (P.R., J.D.S.); Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (D.M.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (L.A.C.) and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology (H.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, CA (N.J.L.).
Nicholas J LeeperFrom the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (P.R., J.D.S.); Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (D.M.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (L.A.C.) and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology (H.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, CA (N.J.L.).
Hong S LuFrom the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (P.R., J.D.S.); Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (D.M.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (L.A.C.) and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology (H.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, CA (N.J.L.).
Jonathan D SmithFrom the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (P.R., J.D.S.); Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (D.M.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (L.A.C.) and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology (H.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, CA (N.J.L.). smithj4@ccf.org.

Funding

Vascular Cell function and AtherosclerosisP01HL029582 · NHLBI · CLEVELAND CLINIC LERNER COM-CWRU · PI FOX, PAUL L · 1985 to 2019
$32.0M
Pathology and Molecular Imaging CoreP01HL110869 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCI CTR HOUSTON · PI MILEWICZ, DIANNA M · 2012 to 2016
$10.4M
Genetic Predisposition To Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms/DissectionsR01HL109942 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCI CTR HOUSTON · PI MILEWICZ, DIANNA M · 2012 to 2023
$7.5M
Sex Differences in Angiotensin-Induced Vascular DiseasesR01HL107326 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY · PI CASSIS, LISA A · 2012 to 2019
$3.7M
Adventitial-medial interactions in thoracic aortic diseasesR01HL133723 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY · PI DAUGHERTY, ALAN · 2016 to 2019
$2.9M
The paradoxical role of CDKN2B in blood vessel sprouting and maturationR01HL125224 · NHLBI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI LEEPER, NICHOLAS JAMES · 2015 to 2018
$1.9M
NHLBI NIH HHS P01 HL029582NHLBI NIH HHS P01 HL110869NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL107326NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL109942NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL125224NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL133723
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

There are many differences in arterial diseases between men and women, including prevalence, clinical manifestations, treatments, and prognosis. The new policy of the National Institutes of Health, which requires the inclusion of sex as a biological variable for preclinical studies, aims to foster new mechanistic insights and to enhance our understanding of sex differences in human diseases. The purpose of this statement is to suggest guidelines for designing and reporting sex as a biological variable in animal models of atherosclerosis, thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms, and peripheral arterial disease. We briefly review sex differences of these human diseases and their animal models, followed by suggestions on experimental design and reporting of animal studies for these vascular pathologies.

Indexed as

AnimalsArteriesBiomedical ResearchConsensusDisease Models, AnimalFemaleHumansMalePathologyResearch DesignRisk FactorsSex FactorsVascular Diseasesanimal modelsaortic aneurysmsatherosclerosisperipheral arterial disease

Identifiers

PMID29301789
PMCPMC5785439

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.