ReviewNutrients2018
Fat, Sugar, Whole Grains and Heart Disease: 50 Years of Confusion.
Review in Nutrients, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Epigenetic regulation in a high-sugar environment (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Associations of breakfast cereal consumption with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a large-scale prospective analysis.Nutrition journal · 2025Article
- Article
- Current status of modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease in Korean women.The Korean journal of internal medicine · 2025Review
- Investigating the impact of dietary guidelines transition on cardiometabolic risk profile: a forensic analysis using diet quality metrics.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Mediterranean Diet Information on TikTok and Implications for Digital Health Promotion Research: Social Media Content Analysis.JMIR formative research · 2024Article
- Article
- Dynamics of combatting market-driven epidemics: Insights from U.S. reduction of cigarette, sugar, and prescription opioid consumption.PLOS global public health · 2024Review
- Lipidomic studies reveal two specific circulating phosphatidylcholines as surrogate biomarkers of the omega-3 index.Journal of lipid research · 2023Article
- Our Hidden Enemy: Ultra-Processed Foods, Inflammation, and the Battle for Heart Health.Cureus · 2023Review
- The Impact of Social Well-Being on Population Diet Nutritional Value and Antiradical Status.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Longitudinal association of dietary habits and the risk of cardiovascular disease among Iranian population between 2001 and 2013: the Isfahan Cohort Study.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- The Impact of Free Sugar on Human Health-A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Oh So Sweet: A Comparative Investigation of Retail Market Composition of Sweetened and Flavoured Beverages in Singapore and Australia.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Research strategies in nutrition in health and disease: The failure of mechanistic research.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Regional disparities related to cardiovascular diseases and diet quality in Korean adults: based on the 2013-2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data.Nutrition research and practice · 2022Article
- Interactions between emotions and eating behaviors: Main issues, neuroimaging contributions, and innovative preventive or corrective strategies.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2022Review
- Risk Assessment of CHD Using Retinal Images with Machine Learning Approaches for People with Cardiometabolic Disorders.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Article
- Effect of Dietary Fatty Acids on MicroRNA Expression Related to Metabolic Disorders and Inflammation in Human and Animal Trials.Nutrients · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
During the 1970s some investigators proposed that refined carbohydrates, especially sugar and a low intake of dietary fiber, were major factors in coronary heart disease (CHD). This suggestion was eclipsed by the belief that an excess intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) was the key dietary factor, a view that prevailed from roughly 1974 to 2014. Findings that have accumulated since 1990 inform us that the role of SFA in the causation of CHD has been much exaggerated. A switch from SFA to refined carbohydrates does not lower the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol in the blood and therefore does not prevent CHD. A reduced intake of SFA combined with an increased intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids lowers the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol; this may reduce the risk of CHD. The evidence linking carbohydrate-rich foods with CHD has been steadily strengthening. Refined carbohydrates, especially sugar-sweetened beverages, increase the risk of CHD. Conversely, whole grains and cereal fiber are protective. An extra one or 2 servings per day of these foods increases or decreases risk by approximately 10% to 20%.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.