ArticleParasites & vectors2018
Genotype and biotype of invasive Anopheles stephensi in Mannar Island of Sri Lanka.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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24 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Historical Overview of the Bionomics ofJournal of arthropod-borne diseases · 2026Review
- Olfactory gene dynamics in invasive Indian and non-invasive African malaria vectors at the crossroads of development, infection and resistance.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Future global distribution and climatic suitability of Anopheles stephensi.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Evaluating Sri Lanka's malaria re-establishment prevention using IHR and JEE frameworks.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Spatial distribution and population structure of the invasive Anopheles stephensi in Kenya from 2022 to 2024.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Phylogeographic Patterns and Genetic Diversity ofTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Taxonomy, Bio-Ecology and Insecticide Resistance of Anopheline Vectors of Malaria in Sri Lanka.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Review
- Possible potential spread of Anopheles stephensi, the Asian malaria vector.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Identification of two insecticide resistance markers in Ethiopian Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes using a multiplex amplicon sequencing assay.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Strategies for conducting Anopheles stephensi surveys in non-endemic areas.Acta tropica · 2022Article
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- Does the roof type of a house influence the presence of adult Anopheles stephensi, urban malaria vector? - evidence from a few slum settings in Chennai, India.Parasitology research · 2022Article
- Identification of a biological form in the Anopheles stephensi laboratory colony using the odorant-binding protein 1 intron I sequence.PloS one · 2022Article
- Transcriptomic, proteomic and ultrastructural studies on salinity-tolerant Aedes aegypti in the context of rising sea levels and arboviral disease epidemiology.BMC genomics · 2021Article
- Anopheles stephensi Mosquitoes as Vectors of Plasmodium vivax and falciparum, Horn of Africa, 2019.Emerging infectious diseases · 2021Article
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- A new malaria vector in Africa: Predicting the expansion range ofProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- Anopheline bionomics, insecticide resistance and transnational dispersion in the context of controlling a possible recurrence of malaria transmission in Jaffna city in northern Sri Lanka.Parasites & vectors · 2020Article
- Gene copy number and function of the APL1 immune factor changed during Anopheles evolution.Parasites & vectors · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAnopheles stephensi, the major vector of urban malaria in India, was recently detected for the first time in Sri Lanka in Mannar Island on the northwestern coast. Since there are different biotypes of An. stephensi with different vector capacities in India, a study was undertaken to further characterise the genotype and biotype of An. stephensi in Mannar Island.
methodsMosquito larvae were collected in Pesalai village in Mannar and maintained in the insectary until adulthood. Adult An. stephensi were identified morphologically using published keys. Identified adult An. stephensi were molecularly characterized using two mitochondrial (cox1 and cytb) and one nuclear (ITS2) markers. Their PCR-amplified target fragments were sequenced and checked against available sequences in GenBank for phylogenetic analysis. The average spiracular and thoracic lengths and the spiracular index were determined to identify biotypes based on corresponding indices for Indian An. stephensi.
resultsAll DNA sequences for the Mannar samples matched reported sequences for An. stephensi from the Middle East and India. However, a single nucleotide variation in the cox1 sequence suggested an amino acid change from valine to methionine in the cox1 protein in Sri Lankan An. stephensi. Morphological data was consistent with the presence of the Indian urban vector An. stephensi type-form in Sri Lanka.
conclusionsThe present study provides a more detailed molecular characterization of An. stephensi and suggests the presence of the type-form of the vector for the first time in Sri Lanka. The single mutation in the cox1 gene may be indicative of a founder effect causing the initial diversification of An. stephensi in Sri Lanka from the Indian form. The distribution of the potent urban vector An. stephensi type-form needs to be established by studies throughout the island as its spread adds to the challenge of maintaining the country's malaria-free status.
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