ArticlePloS one2018
Antibacterial activity of antipsychotic agents, their association with lipid nanocapsules and its impact on the properties of the nanocarriers and on antibacterial activity.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmaco-psychiatry and gut microbiome: a systematic review of effects of psychotropic drugs for bipolar disorder.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Drugs used in psychiatry causing an increase in body weight in children-a review.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Pooled it
- Second-generation antipsychotics and metabolism alterations: a systematic review of the role of the gut microbiome.Psychopharmacology · 2019Pooled it
- A bibliometric mapping of research on antimicrobial resistance and mental health.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2026Review
- Amelioration of gentamicin-induced acute kidney injury by trifluoperazine: in vivo mechanistic insights.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Nutritional Management of Schizophrenia: Gut-Brain Axis Mechanisms and Dietary Interventions.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Environmental Consequences of Anthropogenic Pollution: Non-antibiotic-Drug-Driven Antibiotic Resistance Selection in a Model Aquatic Ecosystem.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Drug Repurposing: An Emerging Strategy inJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Advanced Vaginal Nanodelivery of Losartan Potassium via PEGylated Zein Nanoparticles for Methicillin-ResistantPharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Chlorpromazine, impregnated in foley catheter fragments, as an antibiofilm agent to control urinary tract infections.Future microbiology · 2025Article
- Binding assays enable discovery of Tet(X) inhibitors that combat tetracycline destructase resistance.Chemical science · 2025Article
- Heterocyclic Antidepressants with Antimicrobial and Fungicide Activity.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Nanocomposite alginate hydrogel loaded with propranolol hydrochloride kolliphorDrug delivery and translational research · 2025Article
- Olanzapine affects bone formation via oralFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Spectroscopic Properties and Biological Activity of Fluphenazine Conjugates with Gold Nanoparticles.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Nose to brain delivery of mirtazapine via lipid nanocapsules: Preparation, statistical optimization, radiolabeling, in vivo biodistribution and pharmacokinetic study.Drug delivery and translational research · 2024Article
- The Many Lives of Auranofin: How an Old Anti-Rheumatic Agent May Become a Promising Antimicrobial Drug.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Miconazole and phenothiazine hinder the quorum sensing regulated virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.The Journal of antibiotics · 2024Article
- Mind, Mood and Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Psychiatric Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Differences in bacterial taxa between treatment-naive patients with major depressive disorder and non-affected controls may be related to a proinflammatory profile.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bacterial antibiotic resistance is an emerging public health problem worldwide; therefore, new therapeutic strategies are needed. Many studies have described antipsychotic compounds that present antibacterial activity. Hence, the aims of this study were to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of antipsychotics belonging to different chemical families, to assess the influence of their association with lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) on their antimicrobial activity as well as drug release and to study the uptake of LNCs by bacterial cells. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram negative Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay, and the capability of killing tested microorganisms was evaluated by time kill assay. LNCs were prepared by phase inversion method, and the antipsychotic agents were incorporated using pre-loading and post-loading strategies. Only phenothiazines and thioxanthenes showed antibacterial activity, which was independent of antibiotic-resistance patterns. Loading the nanocarriers with the drugs affected the properties of the former, particularly their zeta potential. The release rate depended on the drug and its concentration-a maximum of released drug of less than 40% over 24 hours was observed for promazine. The influence of the drug associations on the antibacterial properties was concentration-dependent since, at low concentrations (high nanocarrier/drug ratio), the activity was lost, probably due to the high affinity of the drug to nanocarriers and slow release rate, whereas at higher concentrations, the activity was well maintained for the majority of the drugs. Chlorpromazine and thioridazine increased the uptake of the LNCs by bacteria compared with blank LNCs, even below the minimum inhibitory concentration.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.