ArticleStrabismus2018
Long-term Surgical Outcomes in the Sagging Eye Syndrome.
Article in Strabismus, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and prognosis of sagging eye syndrome in Japanese population.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2025Observational
- Efficacy of the double-dose medial rectus muscle recession technique for sagging eye syndrome with esotropia of 10-prism diopters or less at distance.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2025Observational
- Inferior displacement of the lateral rectus muscle insertion in exotropia with mild V-pattern or vertical deviation.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2024Article
- Comparison of subjective cyclofusion ranges and objective ocular torsion in normal participants according to age.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2022Article
- Masquerading Superior Oblique Palsy.American journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Can Binocular Alignment Distinguish Hypertropia in Sagging Eye Syndrome From Superior Oblique Palsy?Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2022Article
- Prevalence and Clinical Features of Sagging Eye Syndrome in Korean Patients.Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO · 2022Article
- Sagging eye syndrome.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2021Review
- Article
- Etiology and Clinical Features of Diplopia in South China: Analysis of 303 Cases.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
- Prevalence of Sagging Eye Syndrome in Adults with Binocular Diplopia.American journal of ophthalmology · 2020Article
- Lateral rectus sag and recurrent esotropia in children.Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus · 2019Article
- Disorders of Vergence Eye Movements.Current treatment options in neurology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
aimsStrabismus due to sagging eye syndrome (SES) caused by age-related connective tissue involution is now an established cause of diplopia in older people. High suspicion of the condition results in early recognition, often obviating extensive neurological investigations and enabling surgical correction of the strabismus.
methodsThis retrospective study reviewed surgical results in 93 patients (40 males) of average age 68 ± 12 years, who had small-angle strabismus due to SES, during the 20-year period 1994-2014.
resultsIn central gaze, mean distance pre-operative esotropia was 4.2 ± 7.5Δ (mean, SD), while mean hypertropia was 4.7 ± 5.9Δ. Surgeries comprised medial rectus (MR) recession; lateral rectus (LR) resection; plication, imbrication, and superior transposition of the LR to the superior rectus (SR) for esotropia; and graded vertical rectus tenotomy (GVRT) or vertical muscle recession for hypertropia. Mean post-operative immediate and long-term deviation after 316 ± 265 months average follow-up was 0.2 ± 1.2Δ and 1.1 ± 2.7Δ esotropia (both distance), respectively, and 0.00Δ and 1.1 ± 2.7Δ, respectively, for hypertropia. Strabismus recurred in 19 cases.
conclusionsProgressive connective tissue involution in SES may occasionally result in symptomatic recurrences of the small-angle strabismus in about 20% of patients, irrespective of surgical procedures performed, possibly because of progressive involutional changes. This risk should be disclosed pre-operatively.
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