ReviewInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2018
Pharmacology of Corticosteroids for Diabetic Macular Edema.
Review in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 122 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of different routes of triamcinolone acetonide administration on macular edema: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy of dexamethasone intravitreal implant combined with anti-VEGF drugs in the treatment of diabetic macular edema: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Combined with Dexamethasone Implant Therapy for Macular Edema: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Trial
- Intravitreal aflibercept alone versus combination with dexamethasone phosphate for diabetic macular edema: A randomized phase-2 clinical trial.Arquivos brasileiros de oftalmologia · 2025Trial
- Vitreous cytokine levels following the administration of a single 0.19 mg fluocinolone acetonide (ILUVIEN®) implant in patients with refractory diabetic macular edema (DME)-results from the ILUVIT study.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2022Trial
- Multicenter, Prospective, Randomized Study of Dexamethasone Intravitreal Implant in Patients with Center-Involved Diabetic Macular Edema in the Asia-Pacific Region.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Trial
- Neuroprotection in Early Diabetic Retinal Disease Using Eyedrop Delivery.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Sub-tenon triamcinolone acetonide injections in diabetic macular edema: analyzing interstitial fluid glucose fluctuations with continuous monitoring technology.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Comparison of Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema Undergoing Early versus Late Switch from Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Therapy to Dexamethasone Implant.Beyoglu eye journal · 2026Article
- Proliferative diabetic retinopathy subtypes defined by immune defense and endothelial mitochondrial dysfunction.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Article
- Magnetically Controllable and Degradable Milliscale Swimmers as Intraocular Drug Implants.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for subretinal fluid resolution in bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic Proliferation: Two case reports.American journal of ophthalmology case reports · 2025Article
- Efficacy of fluocinolone acetonide implant in diabetic macular edema patients previously treated with dexamethasone implant: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant in Vitreoretinal Surgery: An Overview of the Literature.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Review
- Predictive value of short-term steroid intraocular pressure elevation testing for long-term steroid intraocular pressure elevation in diabetic macular edema treatment.International ophthalmology · 2025Observational
- What have we learned from a decade treating patients with diabetic macular oedema with 0.19 mg fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant?Eye (London, England) · 2025Review
- Diabetic retinopathy: a comprehensive review of pathophysiology and emerging treatments.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- The Role of Immune Cells and Signaling Pathways in Diabetic Eye Disease: A Comprehensive Review.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Efficacy and Safety of Fluocinolone Acetonide Implant in Diabetic Macular Edema: Practical Guidelines from Reference Center.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Purpose: Corticosteroids remain the mainstay of treatment for inflammatory diseases almost 80 years after their first clinical use. Topical ophthalmic formulations of corticosteroids have been available to treat disease of the anterior segment of the eye, but the approval of corticosteroids to treat vitreoretinal diseases, including vein occlusion, diabetic macular edema, and uveitis, has occurred only recently. Although most diseases respond to corticosteroid therapy, some patients are resistant to this therapy and side effects, including cataract and elevated intraocular pressure, can limit their use. The purpose of this review is to detail the basic science of corticosteroids focusing on differences in potency, drug delivery, pharmacokinetics, and gene activation, and how these differences affect safety and efficacy in the treatment of diabetic macular edema. Methods: A review was conducted of basic science and pharmacology of the corticosteroids used to treat diabetic macular edema. Results: Clinically available corticosteroids not only have differing potency and pharmacokinetics, but also activate different genes in different target tissues. These differences are associated with distinct efficacy, pharmacokinetic, and safety profiles. It is important to understand these differences in selecting corticosteroids to treat diabetic macular edema. Conclusions: Recent advances in our understanding of the basic science of corticosteroids can explain clinical differences in these agents regarding efficacy and safety. Importantly, this understanding should allow the future discovery of additional novel corticosteroids to treat diabetic macular edema.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.