ArticleBlood advances2017
Hypoxia promotes IL-32 expression in myeloma cells, and high expression is associated with poor survival and bone loss.
Article in Blood advances, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multiplexed Imaging Reveals Immune-Metabolic Niches in Multiple Myeloma Linked to Progression and Bone Disease.Blood cancer discovery · 2026Article
- Spatial transcriptomics identifies IL-32 as a lipid droplet-associated cytokine linked to tubular injury in human diabetic kidney disease.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicles in multiple myeloma: pathogenesis and therapeutic application.The FEBS journal · 2025Review
- Single-cell transcriptomics uncovers key immune drivers of vaccine efficacy in cattle.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Spatial transcriptomics reveals organized and distinct immune activation in cutaneous granulomatous disorders.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2024Article
- mTOR activation induces endolysosomal remodeling and nonclassical secretion of IL-32 via exosomes in inflammatory reactive astrocytes.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Advancements in microenvironment-based therapies: transforming the landscape of multiple myeloma treatment.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- KIM-1 augments hypoxia-induced tubulointerstitial inflammation through uptake of small extracellular vesicles by tubular epithelial cells.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2023Article
- Circulating Interlukin-32 and Altered Blood Pressure Control in Individuals with Metabolic Dysfunction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Comprehensive small RNA-sequencing of primary myeloma cells identifies miR-105-5p as a predictor of patient survival.British journal of cancer · 2023Article
- Role of NF-κB Signaling in the Interplay between Multiple Myeloma and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Monoclonal Gammopathies and the Bone Marrow Microenvironment: From Bench to Bedside and Then Back Again.Hematology reports · 2023Review
- Shutting off the fuel supply to target metabolic vulnerabilities in multiple myeloma.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- IL-32 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in skin inflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- IL-32 is induced by activation of toll-like receptors in multiple myeloma cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- The pro-tumorigenic cytokine IL-32 has a high turnover in multiple myeloma cells due to proteolysis regulated by oxygen-sensing cysteine dioxygenase and deubiquitinating enzymes.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Review
- The IL32/BAFF axis supports prosurvival dialogs in the lymphoma ecosystem and is disrupted by NIK inhibition.Haematologica · 2022Article
- Splicing factor arginine/serine-rich 8 promotes multiple myeloma malignancy and bone lesion through alternative splicing of CACYBP and exosome-based cellular communication.Clinical and translational medicine · 2022Article
- A Critical Overview of Interleukin 32 in Leishmaniases.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic cancer characterized by expansion of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. Most patients develop an osteolytic bone disease, largely caused by increased osteoclastogenesis. The myeloma bone marrow is hypoxic, and hypoxia may contribute to MM disease progression, including bone loss. Here we identified interleukin-32 (IL-32) as a novel inflammatory cytokine expressed by a subset of primary MM cells and MM cell lines. We found that high IL-32 gene expression in plasma cells correlated with inferior survival in MM and that IL-32 gene expression was higher in patients with bone disease compared with those without. IL-32 was secreted from MM cells in extracellular vesicles (EVs), and those EVs, as well as recombinant human IL-32, promoted osteoclast differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. The osteoclast-promoting activity of the EVs was IL-32 dependent. Hypoxia increased plasma-cell IL-32 messenger RNA and protein levels in a hypoxia-inducible factor 1α-dependent manner, and high expression of IL-32 was associated with a hypoxic signature in patient samples, suggesting that hypoxia may promote expression of IL-32 in MM cells. Taken together, our results indicate that targeting IL-32 might be beneficial in the treatment of MM bone disease in a subset of patients.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.