ArticleBlood advances2017
IL-33, IL-25, and TSLP induce a distinct phenotypic and activation profile in human type 2 innate lymphoid cells.
Article in Blood advances, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 123 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
123 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 181 citations in OpenAlex.
- Outdoor air pollutants and asthma risk in adolescents: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Trial
- Rewiring Atopic Dermatitis: Alarmin Cytokines at the Core of Barrier-Immune-Neuro-Microbiome Networks.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Interleukin-4-producing type 2 innate lymphoid cells in the lymph node promote proallergic Tfh13 cell differentiation.Immunity · 2026Article
- The Role of and Therapeutic Strategies for Eosinophils in Atopic Dermatitis.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- The Role of Regnase-1 in Autoimmune Diseases - A Future Therapeutic Target for Clinical Use.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Trained immunity in respiratory diseases: Mechanisms of action and intervention strategies.Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine · 2026Review
- Early life group 2 innate lymphoid cells in health and disease.Molecular and cellular pediatrics · 2026Review
- An Optimized Feeder-Free Method for Isolation and Expansion of Functional ILC2s Isolated From Human Peripheral Blood.Journal of immunology research · 2026Article
- Fibroblast-centered mechanisms of chronic inflammation and airway remodeling in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.Frontiers in allergy · 2026Review
- The emerging roles of eosinophils in immune regulation in health and disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Integrated airway epithelial signaling networks linking allergen-driven inflammation to airway remodeling in asthma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The airway epithelial-immune axis: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Innate airway immune response to fungal allergens.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- New-onset allergic diseases after SARS-CoV-2 infection: mechanistic hypotheses and emerging strategies for risk stratification.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Lipidomic profiling of skin surface lipids in a cohort of Chinese patients with rosacea.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A simple and efficient method for the robust expansion of human ILC2s to prevent acute GVHD.Blood advances · 2025Article
- Cellular Cosmetics: How Innate Lymphoid Cells Can Recontour the Tumour Microenvironment.European journal of immunology · 2025Review
- Dendritic Cells and Their Crucial Role in Modulating Innate Lymphoid Cells for Treating and Preventing Infectious Diseases.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- AI-Driven Biomarker Discovery and Personalized Allergy Treatment: Utilizing Machine Learning and NGS.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2025Review
63 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) represent a distinct branch of the lymphoid lineage composed of 3 major subpopulations: ILC1, ILC2, and ILC3. ILCs are mainly described as tissue-resident cells but can be detected at low levels in human blood. However, unlike mouse ILCs, there is still no consistent methodology to purify and culture these cells that enables in-depth analysis of their intrinsic biology. Here, we describe defined culture conditions for ILC2s, which allowed us to dissect the roles of interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) individually, or in combination, in modulating ILC2 phenotype and function. We show that TSLP is important for ILC2 survival, while ILC2 activation is more dependent on IL-33, especially when in combination with IL-2 or TSLP. We found that activation of ILC2s by IL-33 and TSLP dramatically upregulated their surface expression of c-Kit and downregulated expression of the canonical markers IL-7Rα and CRTH2. IL-2 further amplified ILC2 production of IL-5, IL-13, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor but also induced a more natural killer (NK)-like phenotype in ILC2, with upregulation of granzyme B production by these cells. Furthermore, ILC2 plasticity was observed in serum-free SFEM II media in response to IL-33, IL-25, and TSLP stimulation and independently of IL-12 and IL-1β. This is the first comprehensive report of an in vitro culture system for human ILC2s, without the use of feeder layers, which additionally evaluates the impact of IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP alone or in combination on ILC2 surface phenotype and activation status.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.