ArticleOncoimmunology
Interleukin-21 combined with PD-1 or CTLA-4 blockade enhances antitumor immunity in mouse tumor models.
Article in Oncoimmunology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed.
- Targeting KDM3B Elicits Anti-tumor Immunity by Alleviating SHP1-mediated STING Suppression in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Targeting cytokine/chemokine signaling to convert immunologically cold tumors into hot: Emerging strategies in cancer immunotherapy.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- An engineered IL-21 variant is a potent antitumor candidate for antitumor immunotherapy.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Article
- IL21 is predominantly produced by a CXCL13 associated CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Review
- Recent advances in nanoparticles-based sonodynamic and immune checkpoint blockade synergistic therapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Base-editing a single missense mutation in A20 enhances CAR-T cell efficacy.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Secretory IgA amplification during immune checkpoint blockade enhances the control of tumor growth by enterotropic T cells.Science advances · 2025Article
- Design of a potent interleukin-21 mimic for cancer immunotherapy.Science immunology · 2025Article
- Harnessing the cytotoxic granule exocytosis to augment the efficacy of T-cell-engaging bispecific antibody therapy.Haematologica · 2024Article
- Enhanced abscopal anti-tumor response via a triple combination of thermal ablation, IL-21, and PD-1 inhibition therapy.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2024Article
- Therapeutic potential of interleukin-21 in cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Translatability of findings from cynomolgus monkey to human suggests a mechanistic role for IL-21 in promoting immunogenicity to an anti-PD-1/IL-21 mutein fusion protein.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Synergism Between IL21 and Anti-PD-1 Combination Therapy is Underpinned by the Coordinated Reprogramming of the Immune Cellular Network in the Tumor Microenvironment.Cancer research communications · 2023Article
- Biological Insight and Recent Advancement in the Treatment of Neuroblastoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The Emerging Role of IL-9 in the Anticancer Effects of Anti-PD-1 Therapy.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Chemokine Receptors CCR6 and PD1 Blocking scFv E27 Enhances Anti-EGFR CAR-T Therapeutic Efficacy in a Preclinical Model of Human Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Assessment of spatial transcriptomics for oncology discovery.Cell reports methods · 2022Article
- Checkpoint inhibitor/interleukin-based combination therapy of cancer.Cancer medicine · 2022Review
- A Combination of Chemotherapy and Oncolytic Virotherapy Sensitizes Colorectal Adenocarcinoma to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in a cDC1-Dependent Manner.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recent advances in cancer treatment with checkpoint blockade of receptors such as CTLA-4 and PD-1 have demonstrated that combinations of agents with complementary immunomodulatory effects have the potential to enhance antitumor activity as compared to single agents. We investigated the efficacy of immune-modulatory interleukin-21 (IL-21) combined with checkpoint blockade in several syngeneic mouse tumor models. After tumor establishment, mice were administered recombinant mouse IL-21 (mIL-21) alone or in combination with blocking monoclonal antibodies against mouse PD-1 or CTLA-4. In contrast to monotherapy, IL-21 enhanced antitumor activity of mCTLA-4 mAb in four models and anti-PD-1 mAb in two models, with evidence of synergy for one or both of the combination treatments in the EMT-6 and MC38 models. The enhanced efficacy was associated with increased intratumoral CD8+ T cell infiltrates, CD8+ T cell proliferation, and increased effector memory T cells, along with decreased frequency of central memory CD8+ T cells.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.