ArticleNature communications2018
Nanoparticle anchoring targets immune agonists to tumors enabling anti-cancer immunity without systemic toxicity.
Article in Nature communications, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 107 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
107 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 242 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeted drug delivery system for ovarian cancer microenvironment: Improving the effects of immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Mesoporous polydopamine nanoplatform enhances IL-2 immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma via mild photothermal therapy and lactate regulation.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2026Article
- Single-cell sequencing-guided design of synergistic chemo-immunotherapy nanodrugs for cGAS-STING activation in prostate cancer therapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Advances in IL-2 Family Cytokine-Based Cancer Therapies: Overcoming Challenges Through Molecular Engineering and Delivery Strategies.Immune network · 2026Review
- Multivalent Atezolizumab-Liposome Conjugates as Active Immunotherapeutic Platforms for Enhanced PD-L1 Blockade in Melanoma.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Article
- Research progress in augmentation strategies for PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in bladder cancer: from biological determinants to clinical applications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Nanoparticles that modulate immune cells - an important strategy for the future treatment of tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- TIGIT, as a potential immune checkpoint target for immunotherapy of breast cancer.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Nanoparticles for Cancer Immunotherapy: Innovations and Challenges.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Recombinant cytokine bioconjugates with degradable nanogel substrates for macrophage immunotherapy.Acta biomaterialia · 2025Article
- Exosomes in cancer nanomedicine: biotechnological advancements and innovations.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Therapeutic mRNA vaccine applications in oncology.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Review
- IL-2-loaded liposomes modified with sorafenib derivative exert a synergistic anti-melanoma effect via improving tumor immune microenvironment and enhancing antiangiogenic activity.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2025Article
- Advances in Liposomal Interleukin and Liposomal Interleukin Gene Therapy for Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of Preclinical Studies.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Plasma membrane-coated nanoparticles and membrane vesicles to orchestrate multimodal antitumor immunity.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- MXene/Doxorubicin Complex-Loaded Supramolecular Hydrogels for Near Infrared-Triggered Synergistic Cancer Therapy.Biomaterials research · 2025Article
- Nanoparticle approaches for manipulating cytokine delivery and neutralization.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- In Vitro Models to Compare the Duration of Action of New Therapeutic Scaffolds and Drug Eluting Medical Devices.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- CAR T Cell Nanosymbionts: Revealing the Boundless Potential of a New Dyad.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Proteolysis-targeting vaccines (PROTAVs) for robust combination immunotherapy of melanoma.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
47 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Immunostimulatory agents such as agonistic anti-CD137 and interleukin (IL)-2 generate effective anti-tumor immunity but also elicit serious toxicities, hampering their clinical application. Here we show that combination therapy with anti-CD137 and an IL-2-Fc fusion achieves significant initial anti-tumor activity, but also lethal immunotoxicity deriving from stimulation of circulating leukocytes. To overcome this toxicity, we demonstrate that anchoring IL-2 and anti-CD137 on the surface of liposomes allows these immune agonists to rapidly accumulate in tumors while lowering systemic exposure. In multiple tumor models, immunoliposome delivery achieves anti-tumor activity equivalent to free IL-2/anti-CD137 but with the complete absence of systemic toxicity. Immunoliposomes stimulated tumor infiltration by cytotoxic lymphocytes, cytokine production, and granzyme expression, demonstrating equivalent immunostimulatory effects to the free drugs in the local tumor microenvironment. Thus, surface-anchored particle delivery may provide a general approach to exploit the potent stimulatory activity of immune agonists without debilitating systemic toxicities.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.