ReviewInternational immunology2018
How to master the host immune system? Leishmania parasites have the solutions!
Review in International immunology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 96 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
96 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 197 citations in OpenAlex.
- An updated systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression of the factors associated with human visceral leishmaniasis in the Americas.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2025Pooled it
- Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alleviate Cutaneous Leishmaniasis by Promoting M2 Macrophage Polarization and Skin Tissue Repair in a Murine Model.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Lipid Mediators in Host-Pathogen Interactions duringACS infectious diseases · 2026Review
- Ferroptosis and Nrf-2 signaling: a redox tug of war in leishmaniasis pathogenesis and host directed therapy.Redox biology · 2026Review
- Orphan Medications: An Innovative and Promising Approach against Leishmaniasis.Current microbiology · 2026Review
- Leishmaniasis vaccine research: current status and new directions.Parasitology · 2026Review
- Potentiality of LPS in Ameliorating the Histopathological Responses in Visceral Leishmaniasis-Infected Mice.Journal of parasitology research · 2026Article
- Repurposing memantine as an oral therapy for visceral leishmaniasis: identification of direct leishmanicidal activity and immune system modulation in preclinical studies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Characterization of the dual functions of Leishmania CK1.2 in both the parasite and the macrophage.PloS one · 2026Article
- Immune subversion by Leishmania infantum parasites suppresses NLRP3-driven inflammatory responses in amyloid-β-activated microglia.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Long-Circulating Liposomes Codelivering Amphotericin B and Retinoic Acid for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Treatment.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Oxidative Stress and Survival ofExpert reviews in molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Splenic macrophage functional profile and its role in the immunopathogenesis of canine visceral leishmaniasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Seroprevalence ofTransboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Article
- Distinct neutrophil effector functions in response to different isolates of Leishmania aethiopica.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Exploring Bioinformatics Solutions for Improved Leishmaniasis Diagnostic Tools: A Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Advance in Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Leishmaniasis.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Microbial Matryoshka: Addressing the Relationship between Pathogenic Flagellated Protozoans and Their RNA Viral Endosymbionts (FamilyVeterinary sciences · 2024Review
- Review
- Molecular regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation during parasitic infection.Bioscience reports · 2024Review
36 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Infection by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania results in the development of leishmaniasis, an increasingly prevalent group of diseases affecting over 12 million people worldwide. Leishmaniasis can have very different outcomes ranging from cutaneous lesions, mucosal lesions to visceralization depending on the species of the infecting parasite and on the immune response developed by the host. As an obligate intracellular parasite, residing within macrophages, Leishmania evolved in strict contact with the host immune system, developing different mechanisms to evade or modulate the immune response. Various types of immune responses are observed during different Leishmania spp. infections, resulting in parasite clearance but also contributing to the pathogenesis, thus increasing the complexity of the course of the disease. Interestingly, depending on the type of leishmaniasis developed, opposite treatment strategies, which either boost or inhibit the inflammatory response, have shown efficacy. In this review, we summarize the contribution of different immune cell types to the development of the anti-leishmanial immune response and the parasite strategies to evade and modulate host immunity. Further, we discuss the involvement of co-infecting pathogens in the determination of the outcome of leishmaniasis and on the effectiveness of treatment and the implication of the immune response for treatment and vaccine development.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.