ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2017
Azithromycin and Chloramphenicol Diminish Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) Release.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Effect of one prophylactic dose of azithromycin on Bifidobacterium infantis colonization in infants from the Mumta trial.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2025Trial
- Mitochondria as Inducers of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps.Inflammation · 2026Review
- Immune evasion byAIMS microbiology · 2026Article
- Targeting neutrophil extracellular traps: an emerging strategy for improving the management of refractory asthma.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Knockout of p47phox inhibits deep vein thrombosis by regulating the PAC-1/FNG/MAC-1 signaling axis and ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) as a Potential Target for Anti-Aging: Role of Therapeutic Apheresis.Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme · 2025Review
- Neutrophil extracellular traps are increased in the airways of obese asthmatic patients.ERJ open research · 2025Article
- Harnessing smart nanomaterials to reprogram neutrophil plasticity in immune modulation.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- The Streptomyces Metabolite Thiostrepton Inhibits Regulatory T Cell Differentiation and Function to Boost Antitumor Immune Responses.European journal of immunology · 2025Article
- NETs - as predictors and targets of supportive therapy for cancer treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Review
- Neutrophil extracellular traps in homeostasis and disease.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: An Emerging Therapeutic Target to Improve Infectious Disease Outcomes.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Review
- The role of extracellular traps released by neutrophils, eosinophils, and macrophages in asthma.Respiratory research · 2024Review
- Targeting Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation: Exploring Promising Pharmacological Strategies for the Treatment of Preeclampsia.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Respiratory Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Heterogeneity in Neutrophil Extracellular Traps from Healthy Human Subjects.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Extracellular traps are evident in Romanowsky-stained smears of bronchoalveolar lavage from children with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis.Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2023Article
- The molecular mechanism of neutrophil extracellular traps and its role in bone and joint disease.Heliyon · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Neutrophils are one of the first cells to arrive at the site of infection, where they apply several strategies to kill pathogens: degranulation, respiratory burst, phagocytosis, and release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Antibiotics have an immunomodulating effect, and they can influence the properties of numerous immune cells, including neutrophils. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of azithromycin and chloramphenicol on degranulation, apoptosis, respiratory burst, and the release of NETs by neutrophils. Neutrophils were isolated from healthy donors by density-gradient centrifugation method and incubated for 1 h with the studied antibiotics at different concentrations (0.5, 10 and 50 μg/mL-azithromycin and 10 and 50 μg/mL-chloramphenicol). Next, NET release was induced by a 3 h incubation with 100 nM phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Amount of extracellular DNA was quantified by fluorometry, and NETs were visualized by immunofluorescent microscopy. Degranulation, apoptosis and respiratory burst were assessed by flow cytometry. We found that pretreatment of neutrophils with azithromycin and chloramphenicol decreases the release of NETs. Moreover, azithromycin showed a concentration-dependent effect on respiratory burst in neutrophils. Chloramphenicol did not affect degranulation, apoptosis nor respiratory burst. It can be concluded that antibiotics modulate the ability of neutrophils to release NETs influencing human innate immunity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.