Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29291606›Full record

ReviewJournal of neurogastroenterology and motility2018

Gut Microbiota Dysfunction as Reliable Non-invasive Early Diagnostic Biomarkers in the Pathophysiology of Parkinson's Disease: A Critical Review.

Arun T Nair, Vadivelan Ramachandran, Nanjan M Joghee, Shanish Antony, Gopalakrishnan Ramalingam

Registry-linked trialAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03612193 (Role of the Gut Microbiome in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome), which is not on this map. Cited by 90 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
90citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03612193 recruitingnot on this map

Role of the Gut Microbiome in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome

TypeobservationalSponsorWashington University School of MedicineRan2018 to 2027Enrolled140ConditionsComplex Regional Pain Syndromes
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

90 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Progress of Immunotherapies in Parkinson's Disease.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Noninvasive Therapies: A Forthcoming Approach to Parkinson's Treatment.CNS & neurological disorders drug targets · 2025
    Review
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Causal role of myeloid cells in Parkinson's disease: Mendelian randomization study.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2024
    Article
  20. Article

30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Arun T NairDepartment of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy (JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru), Ootacamund, Tamilnadu, India.
Vadivelan RamachandranDepartment of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy (JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru), Ootacamund, Tamilnadu, India.
Nanjan M JogheeJSS College of Pharmacy (JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru), Ootacamund, Tamilnadu, India.
Shanish AntonyDepartment of Pharmacology, Government Medical College, Kottayam, Kerala, India.
Gopalakrishnan RamalingamDepartment of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy (JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru), Ootacamund, Tamilnadu, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Recent investigations suggest that gut microbiota affects the brain activity through the microbiota-gut-brain axis under both physiological and pathological disease conditions like Parkinson's disease. Further dopamine synthesis in the brain is induced by dopamine producing enzymes that are controlled by gut microbiota via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Also alpha synuclein deposition and the associated neurodegeneration in the enteric nervous system that increase intestinal permeability, oxidative stress, and local inflammation, accounts for constipation in Parkinson's disease patients. The trigger that causes blood brain barrier leakage, immune cell activation and inflammation, and ultimately neuroinflammation in the central nervous system is believed to be due to the chronic low-grade inflammation in the gut. The non-motor symptoms that appear years before motor symptoms could be reliable early biomarkers, if they could be correlated with the established and reliable neuroimaging techniques or behavioral indices. The future directions should therefore, focus on the exploration of newer investigational techniques to identify these reliable early biomarkers and define the specific gut microbes that contribute to the development of Parkinson's disease. This ultimately should pave the way to safer and novel therapeutic approaches that avoid the complications of the drugs delivered today to the brain of Parkinson's disease patients.

Indexed as

BiomarkersConstipationGastrointestinal microbiomeHumans alpha synucleinParkinson disease

Identifiers

PMID29291606
PMCPMC5753901

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.