ReviewInternational ophthalmology2019
Pathophysiology of primary open-angle glaucoma from a neuroinflammatory and neurotoxicity perspective: a review of the literature.
Review in International ophthalmology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 166 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of antioxidants on primary open-angle glaucoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Genetic association between CDKN2B-AS1 polymorphisms and the susceptibility of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG): a meta-analysis from 21,775 subjects.Irish journal of medical science · 2022Pooled it
- Metabolomics in Glaucoma: A Systematic Review.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2021Pooled it
- A Comparative Study of the Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Pneumatic Trabeculoplasty and Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty for Patients with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2021Trial
- Viscotrabeculotomy versus trabeculectomy in the surgical treatment of open angle glaucoma: a single center, randomised controlled trial.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2021Trial
- Effects of short-term moderate versus high intraocular pressure elevation on flicker-induced changes in full-field electroretinogram.Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Oxidative Stress in Glaucoma: From Pathogenic Mechanisms to Emerging Antioxidant Therapies.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Review
- Intermediate Outcomes of a Novel Flat Glaucoma Drainage Device in Uncontrolled Primary Open Angle Glaucoma.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Genetic Architecture and Clinical Phenotypes of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: An Updated Review of Mendelian Genes, GWAS Loci, and Polygenic Risk.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid contributes to primary open-angle glaucoma in a FABP4-Dependent manner: a novel mechanism for environmental risk of glaucoma.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Article
- Hybrid molecule SA-10 and its PLGA nanosuspension protect human and rodent retinal ganglion cells against neuronal injury.BMC neuroscience · 2025Article
- Comprehensive characterization of human aqueous humor proteomes from primary open-angle glaucoma using data-independent acquisition dataset on a TimsTOF pro mass spectrometer.Data in brief · 2025Article
- Research on neurotrophic factor for glaucoma: a worldwide bibliometric analysis.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Transfer of Mitochondria from Healthy Stem Cells to Injured Cells in Stroke with Retinal Impairments.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Considerations and implications of currentFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Glaucoma Treatment: A Review Bridging the Gap in Veterinary Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Development of a novel SupraChoroidal-to-Optic-NervE (SCONE) drug delivery system.Drug delivery · 2024Article
- Retinal cytoarchitecture is preserved in an organotypic perfused human and porcine eye model.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2024Article
- Candidate SNP Markers Significantly Altering the Affinity of the TATA-Binding Protein for the Promoters of Human Genes Associated with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeGlaucoma is the leading cause of blindness in humans, affecting 2% of the population. This disorder can be classified into various types including primary, secondary, glaucoma with angle closure and with open angle. The prevalence of distinct types of glaucoma differs for each particular region of the world. One of the most common types of this disease is primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), which is a complex inherited disorder characterized by progressive retinal ganglion cell death, optic nerve head excavation and visual field loss. Nowadays, POAG is considered an optic neuropathy, while intraocular pressure is proposed to play a fundamental role in its pathophysiology and especially in optic disk damage. However, the exact mechanism of optic nerve head damage remains a topic of debate. This literature review aims to bring together the information on the pathophysiology of primary open-angle glaucoma, particularly focusing on neuroinflammatory mechanisms leading to the death of the retinal ganglion cell.
methodsA literature search was done on PubMed using key words including primary open-angle glaucoma, retinal ganglion cells, Müller cells, glutamate, glial cells, ischemia, hypoxia, exitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, axotomy and neurotrophic factors. The literature was reviewed to collect the information published about the pathophysiologic mechanisms of RGC death in the POAG, from a neuroinflammatory and neurotoxicity perspective.
resultsProposed mechanisms for glaucomatous damage are a result of pressure in RGC followed by ischemia, hypoxia of the ONH, and consequently death due to glutamate-induced excitotoxicity, deprivation of energy and oxygen, increase in levels of inflammatory mediators and alteration of trophic factors flow. These events lead to blockage of anterograde and retrograde axonal transport with ensuing axotomy and eventually blindness.
conclusionsThe damage to ganglion cells and eventually glaucomatous injury can occur via various mechanisms including baric trauma, ischemia and impact of metabolic toxins, which triggers an inflammatory process and secondary degeneration in the ONH.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.