SynthesisJournal of environmental management2018
The relationship between urban forests and race: A meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of environmental management, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Policy Standards for Healthy Built Environments: A Systematic Review of Health Impact Assessments and Nonrandomized Evaluations of Implemented Policies.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Pooled it
- From past, persisting, and consolidating ecologies of segregation to ecologies of repair.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Historic residential segregation impacts biodiversity data availability disparately across the tree of life.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Exploring the role of green space in mitigating childhood opportunity across the U.S.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Tree diversity across the Minneapolis-St. Paul Metropolitan Area in relation to climate and social vulnerability.Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America · 2024Article
- Multi-scale analysis of urban forests and socioeconomic patterns in a desert city, Phoenix, Arizona.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Twenty-first-century demographic and social inequalities of heat-related deaths in Brazilian urban areas.PloS one · 2024Article
- Association of Redlining and Natural Environment with Depressive Symptoms in Women in the Sister Study.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Article
- Do wildfires exacerbate COVID-19 infections and deaths in vulnerable communities? Evidence from California.Journal of environmental management · 2023Article
- Current street tree communities reflect race-based housing policy and modern attempts to remedy environmental injustice.Ecology · 2023Article
- Evidence-based guidelines for greener, healthier, more resilient neighbourhoods: Introducing the 3-30-300 rule.Journal of forestry research · 2023Article
- Invited Perspective: Nature Is Unfairly Distributed in the United States-But That's Only Part of the Global Green Equity Story.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Article
- Racial, Ethnic, and Socioeconomic Disparities in Multiple Measures of Blue and Green Spaces in the United States.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Article
- Systemic racism alters wildlife genetic diversity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Historical Urban Tree Canopy Cover Change in Two Post-Industrial Cities.Environmental management · 2022Article
- Review: biological engineering for nature-based climate solutions.Journal of biological engineering · 2022Review
- Geographies of Dirty Water: Landscape-Scale Inequities in Coastal Access in Rhode Island.Frontiers in Marine Science · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
There is ample evidence that urban trees benefit the physical, mental, and social health of urban residents. The environmental justice hypothesis posits that environmental amenities are inequitably low in poor and minority communities, and predicts these communities experience fewer urban environmental benefits. Some previous research has found that urban forest cover is inequitably distributed by race, though other studies have found no relationship or negative inequity. These conflicting results and the single-city nature of the current literature suggest a need for a research synthesis. Using a systematic literature search and meta-analytic techniques, we examined the relationship between urban forest cover and race. First, we estimated the average (unconditional) relationship between urban forest cover and race across studies (studies = 40; effect sizes = 388). We find evidence of significant race-based inequity in urban forest cover. Second, we included characteristics of the original studies and study sites in meta-regressions to illuminate drivers of variation of urban forest cover between studies. Our meta-regressions reveal that the relationship varies across racial groups and by study methodology. Models reveal significant inequity on public land and that environmental and social characteristics of cities help explain variation across studies. As tree planting and other urban forestry programs proliferate, urban forestry professionals are encouraged to consider the equity consequences of urban forestry activities, particularly on public land.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.