ArticleThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America2017
Role of freeze-drying in the presence of mannitol on the echogenicity of echogenic liposomes.
Article in The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long-Term Stabilization of Non-Bovine Milk Exosomes Using Lyophilization: Toward Oral Delivery of PROTAC Therapeutics.Journal of drug delivery science and technology · 2026Article
- Quality by Design-Guided Development of Hydrogel-Forming Microneedles for Transdermal Delivery of Enfuvirtide.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2025Article
- Development of a PLA Polymer-Based Liquid Filler for Next-Generation Aesthetics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Trehalose and maltodextrin preserve microbial community structure in freeze-dried fecal samples for fecal microbiota transplantation.ISME communications · 2025Article
- Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in necrotizing enterocolitis treatment: a narrative review.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Review
- Human gingival mesenchymal stem cells-lyosecretome attenuates adverse effect of hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress on osteoblast cells.Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2024Article
- Cubosomal nanoformulation increaseTherapeutic delivery · 2024Article
- Effect of Lyoprotective Agents on the Preservation of Survival of aMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Formulation and Characterization of Ursodeoxycholic Acid Nanosuspension Based on Bottom-Up Technology and Box-Behnken Design Optimization.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Long-Circulating and Fusogenic Liposomes Loaded with Paclitaxel and Doxorubicin: Effect of Excipient, Freezing, and Freeze-Drying on Quality Attributes.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Smartcrystals for Efficient Dissolution of Poorly Water-Soluble Meloxicam.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Eplerenone nanocrystals engineered by controlled crystallization for enhanced oral bioavailability.Drug delivery · 2021Article
- The Physicochemical, Biopharmaceutical, and In Vitro Efficacy Properties of Freeze-Dried Dexamethasone-Loaded Lipomers.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Freeze-Dried Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Secretome Pharmaceuticalization: Optimization of Formulation and Manufacturing Process Robustness.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Equine Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Freeze-Dried Secretome (Lyosecretome) for the Treatment of Musculoskeletal Diseases: Production Process Validation and Batch Release Test for Clinical Use.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Echogenic Exosomes as ultrasound contrast agents.Nanoscale advances · 2020Article
- Development and Characterization of a Novel Peptide-Loaded Antimicrobial Ocular Insert.Biomolecules · 2020Article
- EphA2-Receptor Targeted PEGylated Nanoliposomes for the Treatment of BRAFPharmaceutics · 2019Article
- In vitro characterization of sonothrombolysis and echocontrast agents to treat ischemic stroke.Scientific reports · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Echogenic liposomes (ELIPs) are an excellent candidate for ultrasound activated therapeutics and imaging. Although multiple experiments have established their echogenicity, the underlying mechanism has remained unknown. However, freeze-drying in the presence of mannitol during ELIP preparation has proved critical to ensuring echogenicity. Here, the role of this key component in the preparation protocol was investigated by measuring scattering from freshly prepared freeze-dried aqueous solution of mannitol-and a number of other excipients commonly used in lyophilization-directly dispersed in water without any lipids in the experiment. Mannitol, meso-erythritol, glycine, and glucose that form a highly porous crystalline phase upon freeze-drying generated bubbles resulting in strong echoes during their dissolution. On the other hand, sucrose, trehalose, and xylitol, which become glassy while freeze-dried, did not. Freeze-dried mannitol and other crystalline substances, if thawed before being introduced into the scattering volume, did not produce echogenicity, as they lost their crystallinity in the thawed state. The echogenicity disappeared in a degassed environment. Higher amounts of sugar in the original aqueous solution before freeze-drying resulted in higher echogenicity because of the stronger supersaturation and crystallinity. The bubbles created by the freeze-dried mannitol in the ELIP formulation play a critical role in making ELIPs echogenic.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.