ArticleNeuroImage2018
Differential effects of childhood neglect and abuse during sensitive exposure periods on male and female hippocampus.
Article in NeuroImage, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 174 citations in OpenAlex.
- Brain structure and function in adult survivors of developmental trauma with psychosis: A systematic review.Psychological medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Critical windows: timing of child maltreatment exposure and adult mental health.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2026Article
- Opposing sensitive period effects of early and late childhood maltreatment on corticolimbic responses in fear conditioning.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Trauma From the Eye of the Beholder: Reporter Discordance in Children's Trauma, Psychopathology, and Neurobiology.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2026Article
- Dissociation, Childhood Trauma, and Emotion Processing in Individuals with Elevated Psychosis-like Experiences: A Theoretical Framework of Cognitive Integration.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Shaping personality functioning: type and timing effects of childhood maltreatment on personality functioning.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Distinct spatial associations of adversity with hippocampal macro- and microstructure in early adolescence.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Adversity and adolescent brain development: differential associations with grey and white matter across two longitudinal cohorts.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The Bridge Between Childhood Trauma and Alexithymia Among Adolescents with Depressive and Bipolar Disorders: A Network Bridge Analysis.Child psychiatry and human development · 2026Article
- Lifetime stressor exposure, executive functioning, and internalizing symptoms during emerging adulthood.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Sex differences in the effect of childhood adversity and coping strategies on psychosis expression: A TwinssCan study.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2026Article
- Neurobiology of resilience to early life stress.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Sensitive periods for the link between childhood maltreatment and brain aging during adulthood.Neurobiology of stress · 2025Article
- Childhood Maltreatment and Risk for Illicit Substance Use: Evidence for Mid-Adolescence as a Sensitive Exposure Period.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Testing the Indirect Effects of Sense of Control & Perceived Stress in the Relationship between Child Abuse History & Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration in Adulthood.Journal of family violence · 2025Article
- The neurobiological effects of childhood maltreatment on brain structure, function, and attachment.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Review
- Leveraging multivariate approaches to advance the science of early-life adversity.Child abuse & neglect · 2025Review
- Gray matter correlates of childhood maltreatment lack replicability in a multi-cohort brain-wide association study.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The prevalence of traumatic experiences and PTSD according to DSM-5 and ICD-11 in the German general population.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · 2025Article
- Associations Between Experience of Typical Variations in Stressors and Hippocampal Structure and Functional Connectivity in Childhood.International journal of developmental neuroscience : the official journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience · 2025Article
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The hippocampus is a highly stress susceptible structure and hippocampal abnormalities have been reported in a host of psychiatric disorders including major depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The hippocampus appears to be particularly susceptible to early life stress with a graded reduction in volume based on number of types (multiplicity) or severity of maltreatment. We assessed whether the most important predictors of adult hippocampal volume were multiplicity, severity or duration of exposure or timing of maltreatment during developmental sensitive periods. 3T MRIs were collected on 336 unmedicated, right-handed subjects (132M/204F, 18-25 years). Exposure to broad categories of abuse and neglect during each year of childhood were assessed using the Maltreatment and Abuse Chronology of Exposure scale and evaluated using artificial intelligence and predictive analytics. Male hippocampal volume was predicted by neglect, but not abuse, up through 7 years of age. Female hippocampal volume was predicted by abuse, but not neglect, at 10, 11, 15 and 16 years. Exposure at peak age had greater predictive importance than multiplicity, severity or duration. There were also marked gender differences in subfields and portions (head, body or tail) affected by exposure. History and symptoms of major depression, PTSD or anxiety disorders were not predictive of hippocampal volume once maltreatment was accounted for. Neglect appears to foster inadequate hippocampal development in males while abuse appears to produce a stress-related deficit in females. Studies assessing hippocampal volume in psychiatric disorders need to control for the gender-specific effects of abuse and neglect.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.