ArticleCancer biomarkers : section A of Disease markers2018
Rule of changes in serum GGT levels and GGT/ALT and AST/ALT ratios in primary hepatic carcinoma patients with different AFP levels.
Article in Cancer biomarkers : section A of Disease markers, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Construction and validation of a nomogram for hepatocellular carcinoma patients based on HCC-GRIm score.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Trial
- Association between cardiometabolic index and liver function parameters: Analysis of NHANES 2007 to 2018.Medicine · 2026Article
- DeRitis ratio is associated with unfavorable prognosis in ACS patients.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Predictive factors and prognostic models for Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy in Hepatocellular carcinoma: a comprehensive review.World journal of surgical oncology · 2025Review
- Clinical value of systemic immunoinflammatory index in predicting recurrence and metastasis in patients with primary liver cancer.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Lipid Metabolism Alterations in Hyperlipidemic Dogs with Biliary Tract or Endocrine Diseases.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- The Diagnostic Performance of AFP, AFP-L3, DCP, CA199, and Their Combination for Primary Liver Cancer.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2025Article
- Association of high serum aspartate transaminase to high density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio with probable dementia among people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in Southwestern Uganda.SAGE open medicine · 2025Article
- Influence of genetic variants of the vitamin D receptor on clinical profile in cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.Ecancermedicalscience · 2025Article
- Noninvasive models for the prediction of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B.BMC gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Construction and validation of a machine learning-based nomogram to predict the prognosis of HBV associated hepatocellular carcinoma patients with high levels of hepatitis B surface antigen in primary local treatment: a multicenter study.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Development and Validation of a Prognostic Nomogram for Patients with AFP and DCP Double-Negative Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Local Ablation.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2024Article
- Development and application of hepatocellular carcinoma risk prediction model based on clinical characteristics and liver related indexes.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2023Article
- Diagnostic and Prognostic Nomograms for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on PIVKA-II and Serum Biomarkers.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The intervention effect of Aitongxiao prescription on primary liver cancer rats was evaluated based on high-throughput miRNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Establishment and validation of nomogram model for the diagnosis of AFP-negative hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Construction of a predictive nomogram and bioinformatic investigation of the potential mechanism of postoperative early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma meeting the Milan criteria.Annals of translational medicine · 2022Article
- Article
- Aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio and subsequent cancer development.Cancer medicine · 2022Article
- The Diagnostic Value of GGT-Based Biochemical Indicators for Choledocholithiasis with Negative Imaging Results of Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography.Contrast media & molecular imaging · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis study aims to explore the rule of changes in serum GGT activity, as well as GGT/ALT and AST/ALT ratios, in primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC) patients with different alpha-fetal protein (AFP) levels.
methodsGGT, AST and ALT were detected in 370 PHC patients with positive HBs-Ag using a automatic biochemical analyzer, and AFP was detected using a Roche E170 modular analytics immunoassay analyzer. GGT level, as well as AST/ALT and GGT/ALT, ratios were compared among PHC patients with different AFP levels.
resultsAs shown in Table 1, GGT levels were 109.59 ± 111.06, 151.13 ± 190.43, 135.86 ± 107.62, 151.36 ± 176.59 and 172.58 ± 188.84, respectively, in the groups of primary PHC patients with AFP levels of ⩽ 10, 10-100, 100-200, 200-400 and ⩾ 400 ng/ml; and the differences among these groups were not statistically significant (P> 0.05). AST/ALT ratios were 1.55 ± 1.02, 1.30 ± 0.81, 2.02 ± 1.89, 2.12 ± 1.11 and 1.73 ± 1.25, respectively; and the differences among these groups were not statistically significant (P> 0.05). GGT/ALT ratios were 3.43 ± 3.12, 3.57 ± 5.70, 3.57 ± 2.94, 3.89 ± 4.58 and 3.43 ± 3.61, respectively; and the differences among these groups were not statistically significant (P> 0.05).
conclusionFor patients with chronic hepatitis B and cirrhosis after hepatitis B, no matter how AFP level is, when liver function report reveals increased GGT, AST/ALT > 1 and GGT/ALT > 1 (that is, AST > ALT and GGT > ALT), even if AFP is negative, we should also be alert to the existence of PHC.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.