ArticleJournal of visualized experiments : JoVE2017
An Optimized Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) Assay to Quantify Influenza-specific Antibody Titers.
Article in Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Immunogenicity of High-Dose Versus MF59-Adjuvanted Versus Standard Influenza Vaccine in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: The Swiss/Spanish Trial in Solid Organ Transplantation on Prevention of Influenza (STOP-FLU Trial).Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Trial
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- Impaired memory B-cell recall responses in the elderly following recurrent influenza vaccination.PloS one · 2021Trial
- Influence of the administration route and dose on the expression and antibody responses of a reporter and avian influenza self-amplifying mRNA vaccine in poultry.The veterinary quarterly · 2026Article
- Development and evaluation of bovine adenovirus vector-based avian influenza vaccine efficacy in poultry.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Cross-reactive antibody and T-cell responses after influenza virus infection in community-dwelling older adults.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- FluAttn: Antigenicity prediction of influenza A/H3N2 through attention-based feature mining.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2026Article
- Genetic Regulation of ERK1/2-c-Fos Signalling Pathway in Newcastle Disease Virus-Induced Apoptosis of Human Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cells.The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS · 2026Article
- Hydroxypropyl Cellulose Enhances Immune Responses to the Current Seasonal Influenza Vaccine in Mice.Microbiology and immunology · 2026Article
- Impact of pre-existing anti-replicase immunity on the efficacy of self-amplifying mRNA vaccines.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Epidemiological Investigation and Characterization of Avian Influenza AAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Systemic and Mucosal Immune Responses Induced by Adenoviral-Vectored Consensus H5 Influenza A Vaccines in Mice and Swine.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Advances in Diagnostic Techniques for Influenza Virus Infection: A Comprehensive Review.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Review
- The inflammaging microenvironment induces dysfunctional rewiring of Tfh cell differentiation.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Detection of antibodies against influenza A viruses in cattle.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Article
- Enhanced and Prolonged Immunogenicity in Mice of Thermally Stabilized Fatty Acid-Conjugated Vaccine Antigen.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Evaluation of safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of inactivated reverse-genetics-based H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus vaccine with various adjuvants via parenteral and mucosal routes in chickens.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antibody titers are commonly used as surrogate markers for serological protection against influenza and other pathogens. Detailed knowledge of antibody production pre- and post-vaccination is required to understand vaccine-induced immunity. This article describes a reliable point-by-point protocol to determine influenza-specific antibody titers. The first protocol describes a method to specify the antigen amounts required for hemagglutination, which standardizes the concentrations for subsequent usage in the second protocol (hemagglutination assay, HA assay). The second protocol describes the quantification of influenza-specific antibody titers against different viral strains by using a serial dilution of human serum or cell culture supernatants (hemagglutination inhibition assay, HI assay). As an applied example, we show the antibody response of a healthy cohort, which received a trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine. Additionally, the cross-reactivity between the different influenza viruses is shown and methods to minimize cross-reactivity by using different types of animal red blood cells (RBCs) are explained. The discussion highlights advantages and disadvantages of the presented assays and how the determination of influenza-specific antibody titers can improve the understanding of vaccine-related immunity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.