ArticleAsian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP2017
Almost Complete Lack of Human Cytomegalovirus and Human papillomaviruses Genome in Benign and Malignant Breast Lesions in Shiraz, Southwest of Iran
Article in Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- HPV-driven breast carcinogenesis: associations with tumor severity, Ki67 expression and metastasis.Infectious agents and cancer · 2025Article
- Human Cytomegalovirus Infection and Breast Cancer: A Literature Review of Clinical and Experimental Data.Biology · 2025Review
- HPV, APOBEC3B, and the origins of breast cancer: a narrative review and perspectives on novel mechanisms.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Detection ofInfection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Review
- The Role of Oncogenic Viruses in the Pathogenesis of Sporadic Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of the Current Literature.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Human papillomaviruses and breast cancer: A systematic review and meta‑analysis.Oncology letters · 2024Article
- High rate of high-risk human papillomavirus among benign and breast cancer patients in Ethiopia.PloS one · 2024Article
- HPV-Associated Breast Cancer: Myth or Fact?Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Human Papillomaviruses-Related Cancers: An Update on the Presence and Prevention Strategies in the Middle East and North African Regions.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Human Cytomegalovirus Seropositivity and Viral DNA in Breast Tumors Are Associated with Poor Patient Prognosis.Cancers · 2022Article
- Low frequency of HPV positivity in breast tumors among patients from south-central Poland.Infectious agents and cancer · 2021Article
- Molecular and Serological Prevalence of HCMV in Iranian Patients with Breast Cancer.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2021Article
- Detection of Human Cytomegalovirus Proteins in Paraffin-Embedded Breast Cancer Tissue Specimens-A Novel, Automated Immunohistochemical Staining Protocol.Microorganisms · 2021Article
- Presence of HPV, EBV and HMTV Viruses Among Egyptian Breast Cancer Women: Molecular Detection and Clinical Relevance.Infection and drug resistance · 2021Article
- Breast cancer and cytomegalovirus.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2020Review
- Association of Human Papilloma Virus and Epstein-Barr Virus with Ovarian Cancer in Shiraz, Southwestern Iran.Iranian journal of pathology · 2020Article
- Review
- Human papillomavirus infection increases the risk of breast carcinoma: a large-scale systemic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies.Gland surgery · 2019Article
- Association of HPV16 and 18 genomic copies with histological grades of cervical lesions.Virusdisease · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Breast cancer ranks as the most common cancer among women worldwide. There have been controversial reports regarding contributions of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) to its development. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of HPV and HCMV positivity in benign and malignant breast tumors. Materials and Methods: Formalin fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens of 150 breast cancers (invasive ductal and lobular carcinomas) and 150 non-malignant breast lesions (fibroadenomas, fibrocystic disease and adenosis) were examined. All samples were first deparafinized then subjected to commercial DNA extraction. The β-globin gene fragment was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to confirm the quality of extracted DNA. The presence of HPV and HCMV genomic DNA was determined using PCR and Real time PCR techniques, respectively. Results: The mean ages of the test and control groups were 35.2 and 45 years, respectively. For HCMV, none of the malignant lesions were positive and only 2 of the 150 benign samples demonstrated presence of the virus. No HPV genomic DNA was found in either malignant or benign cases. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated no relationship between HCMV or HPV infection with breast cancer development. Whether investigations in larger populations with longer follow-up might demonstrate any role remains unclear.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.