ReviewInternational urogynecology journal2018
Differential diagnostics of female "sexual" fluids: a narrative review.
Review in International urogynecology journal, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of Coital Incontinence in Women with Urinary Incontinence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International urogynecology journal · 2026Pooled it
- Squirting Scripts: Navigating Validation, Avoidance, Desire, and Coercion in Sexual Encounters Between Women and Men.Archives of sexual behavior · 2026Article
- Management of female para-urethral cyst with dyspareunia: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2025Article
- Innervation pattern and fiber counts of the human dorsal nerve of clitoris.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Women's experiences of female ejaculation and/or squirting: a Swedish cross-sectional study.Sexual medicine · 2024Article
- The complexity of female orgasm and ejaculation.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2023Review
- Large Cyst of Skene Gland: A Rare Perineum Mass.Surgery journal (New York, N.Y.) · 2023Article
- Passive immunization of the human vagina.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Article
- Emulsion-Based Multicompartment Vaginal Drug Carriers: From Nanoemulsions to Nanoemulgels.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Article
- Supporting sexuality and improving sexual function in transgender persons.Nature reviews. Urology · 2019Review
- Male squirting: Analysis of one case using color Doppler ultrasonography.IJU case reports · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introduction and hypothesisWomen expel various kinds of fluids during sexual activities. These are manifestations of sexual arousal and orgasm or coital incontinence. This study is aimed at suggesting a diagnostic scheme to differentiate among these phenomena.
methodsWeb of Science and Ovid (MEDLINE) databases were systematically searched from 1950 to 2017 for articles on various fluid expulsion phenomena in women during sexual activities, which contain relevant information on sources and composition of the expelled fluids.
resultsAn ultra-filtrate of blood plasma of variable quantity, which is composed of transvaginal transudate at sexual stimulation, enables vaginal lubrication. Female ejaculation (FE) is the secretion of a few milliliters of thick, milky fluid by the female prostate (Skene's glands) during orgasm, which contains prostate-specific antigen. Squirting (SQ) is defined as the orgasmic transurethral expulsion of tenths of milliliters of a form of urine containing various concentrations of urea, creatinine, and uric acid. FE and SQ are two phenomena with different mechanisms. Coital incontinence (CI) could be classified into penetration and orgasm forms, which could be associated with stress urinary incontinence or detrusor hyperactivity.
conclusionSquirting, FE, and CI are different phenomena with various mechanisms and could be differentiated according to source, quantity, expulsion mechanism, and subjective feelings during sexual activities.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.