ArticleBMJ open2017
Cohort profile: Study of Transition, Outcomes and Gender (STRONG) to assess health status of transgender people.
Article in BMJ open, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 130 citations in OpenAlex.
- The worldwide burden of HIV in transgender individuals: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- History of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder diagnoses among midlife and older transfeminine and transmasculine adults in the United States: A cross-sectional analysis within the STRONG cohort.Journal of affective disorders · 2026Article
- Cohort profile: transformative research on equity and social determinants to uplift resilience and empower LGBTQ+ health in China (TREASURE).European journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Alzheimer's disease and related dementias among transfeminine adults: A cohort study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- A scoping review of models to identify transgender patients in electronic health records.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2026Article
- When algorithms infer gender: revisiting computational phenotyping with electronic health records data.Biology of sex differences · 2025Review
- Availability of sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) information in a cohort of transgender and gender diverse people: An analysis of electronic health records.Annals of epidemiology · 2025Article
- A Scoping Review Mapping Trans* and Gender Diverse People's Representation in Cancer Research.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- Stratified analysis of health and gender-affirming care among Italian transgender and gender diverse adults.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Article
- Hormone Replacement Therapy and Cardiovascular Health in Postmenopausal Women.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Healthcare practitioners as accomplices: a qualitative study of gender affirmation in a context of ambiguous regulation in Indonesia.BMC medical ethics · 2025Article
- Breast cancer screening awareness among transgender individuals in Bangkok, Thailand.International journal of transgender health · 2025Article
- Mental Health Diagnoses and Suicidality Among Transgender Youth in Hospital Settings.LGBT health · 2025Article
- Association Between Gender-affirming Hormone Therapy and Measures of Glucose Metabolism: A Longitudinal Study.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Article
- Transgender people in clinical trials of drugs and biologics: An analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov from 2007 to 2023.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2024Article
- COVID-19 vaccination initiation and completion in a multicenter cohort study of insured US transgender and cisgender adults.Annals of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: changing trends in the incidence, age and gender (findings from the CMC Vellore CVT registry).Stroke and vascular neurology · 2024Article
- Estimate and needs of the transgender adult population: the SPoT study.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2024Article
- The association of gender-affirming hormone therapy duration and body mass index on bone mineral density in gender diverse adults.Journal of clinical & translational endocrinology · 2024Article
- Challenging Norms: The Impact of Transgender and Gender-Diverse Realities on Work and School Participation.The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association · 2024Article
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe Study of Transition, Outcomes and Gender (STRONG) was initiated to assess the health status of transgender people in general and following gender-affirming treatments at Kaiser Permanente health plans in Georgia, Northern California and Southern California. The objectives of this communication are to describe methods of cohort ascertainment and data collection and to characterise the study population.
participantsA stepwise methodology involving computerised searches of electronic medical records and free-text validation of eligibility and gender identity was used to identify a cohort of 6456 members with first evidence of transgender status (index date) between 2006 and 2014. The cohort included 3475 (54%) transfeminine (TF), 2892 (45%) transmasculine (TM) and 89 (1%) members whose natal sex and gender identity remained undetermined from the records. The cohort was matched to 127 608 enrollees with no transgender evidence (63 825 women and 63 783 men) on year of birth, race/ethnicity, study site and membership year of the index date. Cohort follow-up extends through the end of 2016. FINDINGS TO DATE: About 58% of TF and 52% of TM cohort members received hormonal therapy at Kaiser Permanente. Chest surgery was more common among TM participants (12% vs 0.3%). The proportions of transgender participants who underwent genital reconstruction surgeries were similar (4%-5%) in the two transgender groups. Results indicate that there are sufficient numbers of events in the TF and TM cohorts to further examine mental health status, cardiovascular events, diabetes, HIV and most common cancers. FUTURE PLANS: STRONG is well positioned to fill existing knowledge gaps through comparisons of transgender and reference populations and through analyses of health status before and after gender affirmation treatment. Analyses will include incidence of cardiovascular disease, mental health, HIV and diabetes, as well as changes in laboratory-based endpoints (eg, polycythemia and bone density), overall and in relation to gender affirmation therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.