SynthesisBMC public health2017
Menthol cigarettes and the public health standard: a systematic review.
Synthesis in BMC public health, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 134 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
134 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 202 citations in OpenAlex.
- Use of Mentholated Cigarettes and Likelihood of Smoking Cessation in the United States: A Meta-Analysis.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Pooled it
- Nicotine Reduction in Cigarettes: Literature Review and Gap Analysis.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Pooled it
- Tobacco package health warnings about product manipulations: an experimental study among Australian adults who smoke.Health promotion international · 2025Trial
- Addiction potential of combustible menthol cigarette alternatives: a randomised cross-over trial.Tobacco control · 2024Trial
- Manipulation of Menthol and Nicotine Content in Cigarettes: Effects on Smoking Behavior and Toxicant Exposure in Women Menthol Smokers.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Trial
- Impact of a reduced nicotine standard on young adult appeal for menthol and non-menthol cigarettes.BMJ open · 2022Trial
- Effect on Tobacco Use and Subjective Measures of Including E-cigarettes in a Simulated Ban of Menthol in Combustible Cigarettes.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Trial
- Effects on Smoking Behavior of Switching Menthol Smokers to Non-menthol Cigarettes.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2021Trial
- Effects on time to lapse of switching menthol smokers to non-menthol cigarettes prior to a cessation attempt: a pilot study.Tobacco control · 2021Trial
- Effects of tobacco product type and characteristics on appeal and perceived harm: Results from a discrete choice experiment among Guatemalan adolescents.Preventive medicine · 2021Trial
- A Pilot Study of E-Cigarette Naïve Cigarette Smokers and the Effects on Craving After Acute Exposure to E-Cigarettes in the Laboratory.The American journal on addictions · 2019Trial
- Identifying key beliefs for anti-disinformation messaging for Black adults about proposed US bans on menthol cigarettes and flavored cigars.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Article
- Microbial architects of cigar fermentation: a critical review of beneficial roles in quality enhancement and detrimental potential for mould spoilage.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Public Comments and Federal Rulemaking for Menthol Cigarettes and Flavored Cigars.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Perceptions of a Menthol Cigarette Ban: Focus Group Study With US Adults who Smoke Menthol Cigarettes.American journal of health promotion : AJHP · 2026Article
- Influence of Tobacco Use Patterns on Smoking Cessation Success in Adults Who Smoke Cigarettes in the U.S.AJPM focus · 2026Article
- Restricting E-Cigarette Flavour Names to Reduce Youth Appeal: An Analysis of New Zealand's 2024 Regulations.Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals · 2026Article
- Consumer Characteristics, Tobacco Control Policies, and Disparities in Discontinued Cigarette Purchases: Evidence from U.S. Households (2010-2021).Substance use & addiction journal · 2026Article
- Perceptions of a Menthol Cigarette and Flavored Cigar Ban Among Black and White Adults Who Smoke Menthol Cigarettes, United States, 2024.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) · 2025Article
- Greater Appeal and Greater Harm? Young Adults' Preference for Menthol Versus Nonmenthol Very-Low-Nicotine Cigarettes in a Cross-Over Trial.American journal of preventive medicine · 2025Article
74 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlthough menthol was not banned under the Tobacco Control Act, the law made it clear that this did not prevent the Food and Drug Administration from issuing a product standard to ban menthol to protect public health. The purpose of this review was to update the evidence synthesis regarding the role of menthol in initiation, dependence and cessation.
methodsA systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature on menthol cigarettes via a PubMed search through May 9, 2017. The National Cancer Institute's Bibliography of Literature on Menthol and Tobacco and the FDA's 2011 report and 2013 addendum were reviewed for additional publications. Included articles addressing initiation, dependence, and cessation were synthesized based on study design and quality, consistency of evidence across populations and over time, coherence of findings across studies, and plausibility of the findings.
resultsEighty-two studies on menthol cigarette initiation (n = 46), dependence (n = 14), and cessation (n = 34) were included. Large, representative studies show an association between menthol and youth smoking that is consistent in magnitude and direction. One longitudinal and eight cross-sectional studies demonstrate that menthol smokers report increased nicotine dependence compared to non-menthol smokers. Ten studies support the temporal relationship between menthol and reduced smoking cessation, as they measure cessation success at follow-up.
conclusionsThe strength and consistency of the associations in these studies support that the removal of menthol from cigarettes is likely to reduce youth smoking initiation, improve smoking cessation outcomes in adult smokers, and in turn, benefit public health.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.