ArticlePloS one2017
Complex patterns of concomitant medication use: A study among Norwegian women using paracetamol during pregnancy.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Evaluating the Performance of Traditional Pharmacoepidemiologic and Machine Learning Models to Predict Pregnancies at Risk of Major Congenital Malformations.Birth defects research · 2026Article
- Medication Exposure Definitions in Perinatal Pharmacoepidemiology: Implications for Pregnancy Studies.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2026Article
- Identifying medication use clusters with the R package tame based on dose, timing and ATC codes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Longitudinal Methods for Modeling Exposures in Pharmacoepidemiologic Studies in Pregnancy.Epidemiologic reviews · 2022Review
- Protocol of a prospective and multicentre China Teratology Birth Cohort (CTBC): association of maternal drug exposure during pregnancy with adverse pregnancy outcomes.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2021Article
- The French Pregnancy Cohort: Medication use during pregnancy in the French population.PloS one · 2019Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundStudies on medication safety in pregnancy often rely on an oversimplification of medication use into exposed or non-exposed, without considering intensity and timing of use in pregnancy, or concomitant medication use. This study uses paracetamol in pregnancy as the motivating example to introduce a method of clustering medication exposures longitudinally throughout pregnancy. The aim of this study was to use hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) to better identify clusters of medication exposure throughout pregnancy.
methodsData from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study was used to identify subclasses of women using paracetamol during pregnancy. HCA with customized distance measure was used to identify clusters of medication exposures in pregnancy among children at 18 months.
resultsThe pregnancies in the study (N = 9 778) were grouped in 5 different clusters depending on their medication exposure profile throughout pregnancy.
conclusionUsing HCA, we identified and described profiles of women exposed to different medications in combination with paracetamol during pregnancy. Identifying these clusters allows researchers to define exposure in ways that better reflects real-world medication usage patterns. This method could be extended to other medications and used as pre-analysis for identifying risks associated with different profiles of exposure.
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