ArticleNeuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society2018
Noninvasive Electrical Stimulation for the Treatment of Chronic Ocular Pain and Photophobia.
Article in Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04648085 (Effect of Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation on Subbasal Corneal Nerve Plexus Density and Chronic Ocular Pain in Patients With Dry Eye), which is not on this map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation on Subbasal Corneal Nerve Plexus Density and Chronic Ocular Pain in Patients With Dry Eye
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Randomized Pilot Study of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation for Neuropathic/Nociplastic Ocular Pain.American journal of ophthalmology · 2026Trial
- Clinical Efficacy of Electrical Auricular Transcutaneous Stimulation for Dry Eye: A Sham-Controlled, Randomized Trial.Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO · 2025Trial
- A Scoping Review of Pharmacologic and Nonpharmacologic Interventions to Treat Chronic Ocular Pain.Journal of neuro-ophthalmology : the official journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society · 2026Article
- Non-invasive electrical stimulation restores corneal nerve density and sensory function in diabetic neuropathy via KCNN-dependent mechanism.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Focused Narrative Review: Non-Pharmacological, Noninvasive Neurostimulation or Neuromodulation Treatment of Ocular Neuropathic Pain.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Non-invasive electrical stimulation restores corneal nerve density and function in diabetic neuropathy via KCNN-dependent mechanism.Research square · 2025Article
- Quantum molecular resonance electrotherapy (Rexon-Eye) for recalcitrant dry eye in an Asian population.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Corneal Neuro-Regenerative Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation in Rabbit Lamellar Keratectomy Model.Translational vision science & technology · 2022Article
- Neuropathic ocular surface pain: Emerging drug targets and therapeutic implications.Expert opinion on therapeutic targets · 2022Review
- Self-Report of Severity of Ocular Pain Due to Light as a Predictor of Altered Central Nociceptive System Processing in Individuals With Symptoms of Dry Eye Disease.The journal of pain · 2022Article
- How Should Corneal Nerves be Incorporated Into the Diagnosis and Management of Dry Eye?Current ophthalmology reports · 2021Article
- Long-Term Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation as a Treatment for Ocular Pain.Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society · 2021Article
- Alternative therapies for dry eye disease.Current opinion in ophthalmology · 2021Review
- Comprehensive Review and Update of Burning Eye Syndrome.Journal of patient-centered research and reviews · 2021Review
- Effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical stimulation combined with artificial tears for the treatment of dry eye: A randomized controlled trial.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2020Article
- Periorbital botulinum toxin A improves photophobia and sensations of dryness in patients without migraine: Case series of four patients.American journal of ophthalmology case reports · 2020Article
- Ocular Surface Pain: A Narrative Review.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2020Review
- Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation for the Long-Term Treatment of Ocular Pain.Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society · 2020Article
- Review
- Resolution of pain with periocular injections in a patient with a 7-year history of chronic ocular pain.American journal of ophthalmology case reports · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introduction"Dry eye" or "keratoconjunctivitis sicca" is a multifactorial disease estimated to have a worldwide prevalence of 5-33%. Conventional therapies targeting the ocular surface with artificial tears, anti-inflammatories, punctal closure, eyelid hygiene, and antibiotics do not provide relief in all patients, especially those with neuropathic-like ocular complaints (wind hyperalgesia and photophobia). We anticipated that ocular transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) would alleviate symptoms of ocular pain, photophobia, and dryness in these latter individuals.
methodsAll individuals who received electrical stimulation between May 10, 2016 and April 6, 2017 for the treatment of chronic ocular pain at the oculofacial pain clinic of the Miami Veterans Administration Hospital were included in this retrospective review. All patients had symptoms of dryness along with other neuropathic-like symptoms (e.g., photophobia) and minimal signs of tear dysfunction. Ocular pain intensity, symptoms of dryness, and light sensitivity were compared pre-treatment and five min post-treatment via a two-tailed paired Student's t-test.
resultsThe use of TENS significantly reduced the mean pain intensity in both the right and left eyes five min after treatment compared to prior to treatment (p < 0.05, paired t-test). The use of TENS significantly decreased light sensitivity in both eyes (p < 0.05). The findings for symptoms of dryness, however, were equivocal with a significant decrease in the left eye but not the right (p < 0.05, paired t-test). DISCUSSION: Our data indicate that TENS may similarly provide analgesia in patients with dry eye symptoms as it does for many other chronic pain conditions. Furthermore, the noted effect on symptoms of photophobia and dryness suggest that all may be linked by similar trigeminal-thalamic-cortical pathways. Prospective studies with electrical stimulation of dry eye are needed to further elucidate its benefit and mechanism of action.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.