Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29282637›Full record

Observational studyDigestive diseases and sciences2018

Changing Epidemiology of Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage in the Last Decade: A Nationwide Analysis.

Brandon A Wuerth, Don C Rockey

2 registry-linked trialsAbstract readObservational Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Digestive diseases and sciences, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 138 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
138citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
12.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05979025 completednot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

Factors Predicting the Need for Endoscopic Intervention in Non-variceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

TypeobservationalSponsorAnkara City Hospital BilkentRan2022 to 2023Enrolled262ConditionsAcute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
NCT06659783 completednot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

The First Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding (AUGIB) Audit in the Greater Bay Area (GBA) of China

Typeobservational_patient_registrySponsorChinese University of Hong KongRan2024 to 2025Enrolled4,534ConditionsAUGIB, Gastrointestinal Bleeding
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

138 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 305 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
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  6. Pooled it
  7. Observational
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Comprehensive review on the current management of upper-GI bleed.Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology · 2026
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Endoscopic Treatment of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding.The Korean journal of helicobacter and upper gastrointestinal research · 2026
    Review
  13. Observational
  14. Article
  15. Observational
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

78 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Brandon A WuerthDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Suite 803, MSC 623, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
Don C RockeyDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Suite 803, MSC 623, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA. rockey@musc.edu.
Medical University of South Carolina · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundUpper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (UGIH) is common and carries substantial mortality requiring frequent hospitalizations.

aimTo investigate trends in etiology and outcome of UGIH in hospitalized patients in the USA.

methodsRetrospective, observational cohort study of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2002 to 2012 was carried out. UGIH was identified in hospitalizations with a principle ICD-9-CM diagnosis of UGIH or secondary diagnosis of UGIH with a principal diagnosis of hematemesis, blood in stool, or gastrointestinal bleeding. Age 18 years or older was required for inclusion, and elective admissions and transferred patients were excluded.

resultsThe hospitalization rate of UGIH in the USA decreased by 21% from 2002 to 2012, from 81 to 67 cases per 100,000 population (p < 0.01). The greatest declines occurred for gastritis and PUD, which decreased by 55 and 30%, respectively (p < 0.01). There were increases in neoplasm, Dieulafoy lesions, angiodysplasia, and esophagitis, which increased by 50, 33, 32 and 20%, respectively (p < 0.01). The all-cause inpatient mortality rate of UGIH decreased 28% from 2.6 per 100 cases in 2002 to 1.9 in 2012 (p < 0.01). The greatest decline occurred for esophagitis, Mallory-Weiss tear, and neoplasm, which decreased by 39% (p < 0.01), 36% (p = 0.02), and 36% (p < 0.01), respectively. The rate of hospitalization for bleeding caused by esophageal varices remained constant and low (approximately 2%) throughout the study period; the mortality for esophageal varices also remained constant at 6-7%.

conclusionsThe epidemiology of UGIH hemorrhage appears to be shifting, with a decline in PUD and gastritis; an increase in hospitalization rate for neoplasm, Dieulafoy lesions, angiodysplasia, and esophagitis; and a reduction in overall mortality. The decreasing hospitalization rate and mortality rate of UGIH suggest population trends in use of treatments for PUD, improved hemostatic techniques, and overall care.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overEsophageal DiseasesFemaleGastrointestinal HemorrhageHospitalizationHumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesStomach DiseasesUnited StatesYoung AdultBleedingEtiologyMortalityOutcome

Identifiers

PMID29282637
OpenAlexW2779792276

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.